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Crimes

Tensions soon escalated and police warned Cregan that there had been threats to his life and to his girlfriend and four-year-old son. He decided to lie low in Thailand for a while (the country where he claims to have lost his left eye in a fight some years earlier). Returning on 12th June, he was arrested as he got off the plane at Manchester.

Police had to release him on bail while they continued gathering evidence. At the start of August police tried to re-arrest Cregan, but were unable to locate him as he was holidaying in the Lake District. On 10th August, having returned to Manchester, Cregan and two accomplices ambushed 46-year-old David Short at his home in Clayton, shooting him nine times with a Glock pistol and then throwing a grenade onto his body. The assassination was viewed by Cregan as a pre-emptive strike because Short had threatened his family. The use of hand grenades, which had not been seen before in the mainland United Kingdom, was especially worrying for police.

Chillingly, Cregan would later tell a prison psychiatrist that “The night I shot David Short I had the best sleep of my life”. CCTV of both these shocking attacks was circulated, and a nationwide manhunt ensued. Cregan’s face peered down from huge billboards offering a £50,000 reward for information leading to his arrest. 50 raids were carried out across the country, but to no avail. When the fugitive resurfaced after 42 days on the run, the consequences were devastating.

The anonymous 999 phone call on 18th September 2012 sounded completely innocuous. The caller, a young man, stated: “Someone’s just thrown a big concrete slab through my back window and run off.” Police dispatchers alerted PC Nicola Hughes, 23, and PC Fiona Bone, 32, to an address in Abbey Gardens in Mottram, Greater Manchester to investigate.

Shortly before 11am, witnesses heard 13 gunshots and an explosion at the address. Cregan had lured the two young police officers there with the sole intention of killing them. No words were exchanged as he shot the two women using a 9mm Glock, before once again detonating a hand grenade. It was to emerge later that Cregan had taken a family hostage overnight in the house at Abbey Gardens and audaciously allowed the father to leave for work the next day, but threatened to kill his family if he alerted the police.

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Crime File

The Crimes

Roberts ended his work shift at 3 a.m. on 2 October 2006 and returned home for a few hours of sleep. Following the normal family routine, Roberts and his wife got their children ready for school and the family walked to the local bus stop. They parted at 8:45 a.m.At 9.51am, driving a borrowed pickup truck, Roberts entered the West Nickel Mines Amish School in Lancaster County, about 60 miles west of Philadelphia. He was armed with a 9mm semi-automatic handgun; a 12-gauge shotgun; a bolt-action rifle; in the region of 600 rounds of ammunition; a stun gun; and two knives.Roberts also had a supply of other items, including cans of black powder; a change of clothes; a box containing a hose, hammer, hacksaw, pliers, wire, screws, eyebolts and tape; sexual lubricant and some sort of truss board, suggesting he had planned some form of sexual activity.When he entered the school building, Roberts barricaded the school doors using 2x6-inch and 2x4-inch wooden boards with eyebolts and flex ties. There were 26 pupils at the school and Roberts kept the 11 girls, aged six to 13, in the room, sending out the 15 boys, as well as the teacher, a pregnant woman and three parents with small babies. Roberts made his young female hostages line up against the blackboard, where he bound their hands and feet.As soon as she was free, the schoolteacher contacted the police and the 911 call, logged at 10:36 a.m., stated that a white male had entered the one-room school building and taken some pupils hostage. The first police officers arrived at the school at 10:45 a.m. and began trying to get Roberts to talk to them. They used the PA broadcasters on their police cars but Roberts did not respond. At 11:00 a.m., emergency vehicles, including at least nine ambulances, were dispatched to Bart Township.It transpired that upon Marie Roberts’ return home at around 11:00 a.m., she had discovered four apparent suicide notes Roberts had written to her and their children. She immediately called her husband, who didn’t answer. A short while later Roberts called Marie from the school, using his mobile phone, and said, “I’m not coming home. The police are here.” He also said he was “acting out to achieve revenge for something that happened 20 years ago,” and that he loved her. It was to be the last time the couple would speak to one another.State Troopers had surrounded the schoolhouse and were ready to close in on Roberts. He began to become agitated and called 911, telling the operator that if the State Troopers did not leave the property, he would start shooting people within 10 seconds. He had meant what he said and the sounds of rapid firing began to ring out. The police had to break windows to gain access to the school building and according to Pennsylvania State Police Commissioner, Jeffrey Miller, Roberts shot at least one shotgun blast at the police before becoming ‘disorganised’ and shooting himself in the head. Roberts died instantly.Police were faced with a grisly scene in the classroom. Roberts had fired at least 13 rounds from his 9 mm semi-automatic handgun and had shot at the girls, killing five. Three died at the scene and two died in hospital of related injuries the following morning. The victims were Naomi Rose Ebersole, 7; sisters Lena Miller, 7 and Mary Liz Miller, 8; Anna Mae Stoltzfus, 12 and Marian Fisher, 13. The girls had all been killed ‘execution style’, with a single close range shot to the head. The other six girls from the class were taken to hospital in critical condition.

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The Crimes

Released from prison in 1943, Sam worked his way to the top of Chicago’s crime rackets. After Capone was jailed, Sam’s new boss Frank Nitti moved Capone’s outfit into labour racketeering, gambling, and loan sharking. It extended its tendrils to Milwaukee, Madison, Kansas City, Hollywood and other Californian cities, where the Outfit's control of labour unions gave it leverage over movie production.But Sam, with his now familiar trademark of pork pie hat and dark shades didn’t get his hands on the helm of the powerful mafiosa outfit, heading its Chicago headquarters until as late as 1957.During the early 1950s, it is alleged Sam pulled strings for the Kennedy family, getting a career-threatening marriage of Senator Jack Kennedy annulled, and all legal documents eradicated.There are also strong suggestions that the CIA covertly used Giancana and the mob during the last days of the Eisenhower administration, in their attempt to assassinate Cuban dictator Fidel Castro who had taken power in January 1959. Giancana himself said that the CIA and the Mafia are "different sides of the same coin".It is also alleged that Joseph P. Kennedy recruited Giancana to help influence labour union support behind his son, Massachusetts Senator John F. Kennedy, in the young man’s bid to secure the Democratic nomination for the 1960 Presidential election.If the story is true, it was an ironic twist of fate that the eventual President JFK, together with his brother Robert Kennedy, turned against Giancana in order to dismantle the criminal underworld and imprison Giancana.Could it therefore have been Giancana himself who backed the assassination of JFK due to this betrayal?Years later it was discovered that Giancana and JFK had shared the same mistress, Los Angeles socialite, Judith Campbell, who acted as a go-between for the two men, in 1960.

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Crime File

The Crimes

Over the next two years there was much bloodshed between gangsters as they continually tried to dethrone each other. All the time Lucky Luciano kept a low profile and kept in with Maranzano’s outfit. After several coups and countless gangland killings Masseria still held court. It was then that Lucky hired Bugsy Siegel to kill Masseria. Siegel shot him to death in a Coney Island restaurant.The assassination made Maranzano the ‘Boss of Bosses’ in New York. He rewarded Luciano by making him his No. 2 in his outfit. But Maranzano also had greater plans; to become the No. 1 gangster in the United States. It was an ambition that would put him on a collision course with his right hand man.Ironically, for Maranzano to achieve that ambition he knew he had to dispose of two mobsters; Al Capone in Chicago and his very own No. 2 in New York. It wasn’t long before Luciano discovered what his boss planned to do. With the help of his long-time friend and fellow mobster Meyer Lansky, the two men plotted Maranzano’s demise.Maranzano intended to take out Luciano at a conference by hiring an Irish hitman known as Mad Dog Coll. But before Coll arrived to carry out his orders, Lansky sent four of his gunmen, posing as government agents, into Maranzano’s office. Soon after they shot and stabbed him to death.Luciano now built up his new syndicate with the help of his buddy Meyer ‘Little Man’ Lansky who was respected for his sound advice and methodical brain. Together Luciano and Lansky were a formidable team using cunning to stay ahead of the game and survive the mass slaughtering of gangsters throughout the 20s. Even Al Capone acknowledged that they were more powerful than him.The joke about Lansky is that his gun was curved allowing him to avoid being seen by his enemies. He also had an amazing talent to keep a low profile and remain ignored by the authorities despite his influence within the gangland industry.It was during this time that a new terrifying organisation developed on the scene linked to gangland culture. Murder Incorporated was a syndicate of killers set up as an independent, autonomous body to eliminate gang members who had broken codes. Murder Inc had one rule; that all assassinations had to be against mobsters and not public figures. In total they carried out hundreds of ‘hits’ on fellow gangsters and it was Luciano, Meyer Lansky and Frank Costello who gave the orders.Luciano also had a share in mobster dealings in Cuba, brought about by friend Lansky’s foothold in that country. But it was vice that was Luciano’s speciality. He ran his brothels on the same lines as a manager of a supermarket chain. The women were often treated badly and then thrown out when they were either too run down or problematic. He was also inclined to sample the goods and on several occasions contracted venereal disease.

Crime File Section

The Crime

On the evening of 4th June 1968, Kennedy was upstairs in his room at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, awaiting the official outcome of the Californian ballot, which he was confidently expected to win, once counting was completed. At 11.30 pm, when it appeared that victory was imminent, he moved down into the hotel ballroom with his entourage, where he was greeted by rapturous applause. He made a speech, which referenced the recent assassination of Martin Luther King, and again called for racial tolerance, as well as emphasising the need to withdraw US forces from Vietnam.Having completed his victory speech by 12.15 am, in the early hours of 5th June, he made his way to a press conference in a different part of the hotel, along with his entourage, which took him through a narrow corridor containing an assortment of catering equipment that formed part of the hotel kitchens.“A diminutive man approached Kennedy’s entourage head-on, and fired repeated shots from a .22 calibre weapon.”Security within the hotel was minimal. Secret Service agent protection was only extended to the president at that time - following Kennedy’s assassination, all Presidential candidates became entitled to Secret Service protection for the duration of their campaigns - and he was ushered between venues by a single guard, Thane Cesar, from a private security firm, who steered Kennedy through the congratulatory crowds packing the narrow corridor.A diminutive man approached Kennedy’s entourage head-on, and fired repeated shots from a .22 calibre weapon. Kennedy was hit three times; once in the back of the head, and two further body shots; an additional shot tore his clothing but failed to penetrate. He fell to the floor, bleeding, as did five other individuals who received less serious wounds, either as a result of direct hits or ricochets. The gunman was subdued by a number of men within the entourage, but not before the 8-shot cylinder had been emptied. Kennedy, in obvious pain, enquired whether anyone else had been injured, and was attended by Dr Stanley Abo, who discovered the bullet hole behind Kennedy’s right ear. Recognising the risk of a blood clot, he made attempts to keep the wound clear, and Kennedy was rushed by ambulance to Central Receiving Hospital. When the severity of his head wound was discovered, and it became clear that Kennedy would require extensive neurosurgery, he was transferred again, this time to the Good Samaritan Hospital.Meanwhile, the diminutive gunman was handed over to the police: he had seemed strangely calm throughout the entire chaotic episode, and offered no resistance to the arresting officers. He appeared incapable of providing his name, but was cooperative in all other respects.Back at the Good Samaritan Hospital, Kennedy underwent three hours of surgery to remove a blood clot behind his brain, as well as bullet and bone fragments. Despite the surgery, his condition worsened steadily throughout the day, and he was finally pronounced dead at 1.44 am on the morning of 6th June 1968, having never recovered consciousness after the surgery. He was 42-years-old.

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The Crimes

On Friday, 7 March 1980, the Dean of Students at Madeira found marijuana stems and seeds in the rooms of four of the school’s most outstanding students. Harris expelled all four teenagers and angry parents descended upon the school while the students started a demonstration in protest.Harris received a letter from one of her favourite students condemning her for expelling the four marijuana smoking pupils. In her fragile emotional state this criticism was the final straw and she decided to kill herself.She wrote a letter to Tarnower chronicling the many wrongs she felt he had dealt her and begged him to treat her differently. She also pointed out that Tryforos would persistently ruin her clothes and that some of her jewellery had gone missing. She confessed to making harassing phone calls to Tryforos and destroying anything her younger rival had touched that belonged to Tarnower.On Saturday, 8 March, she wrote a will, but over the weekend she had second thoughts about the letter and decided she didn’t want Tarnower to read it. She called him on Monday 10 March and asked him to throw it away as soon as it arrived. After much pleading Tarnower eventually agreed to see her.In Harris’s version of events she made the five-hour drive to his home planning to spend her final moments with him before putting a bullet through her head at one of her favourite places, a tiny island in the middle of a pond in his grounds.When she arrived Tarnower ignored her and she became angry when she saw Tryforos’ negligee and slippers and a box of pink curlers in his bathroom. She flew into a rage, throwing the garments around and Tarnower slapped her hard in the mouth.She slumped down defeated, took out the gun and pointed it at her head. A struggle between the two ensued and Harris ended up shooting Tarnower five times. Turning the gun on herself proved fruitless because it was empty.

Crime File Section
Crime File

The Crimes

On Friday, 17 November, Congressman Leo Ryan, concerned by the activities of Reverend Jones at his People’s Temple in ‘Jonestown’, entered the complex in the Guyana jungle along with a delegation of media people and 18 representatives from a delegation of ‘Concerned Relatives’. The official party consisted of Ryan, James Schollaert and Jackie Speier, who was Ryan’s personal assistant.The arrangements for such a visit had been fraught with red tape, U-turns and a lack of cooperation from Jones’ office, which viewed any outside coverage of their existence as a ‘witch hunt’.Upon their arrival at Jonestown, the delegation was served dinner and entertained. Reporters later interviewed Jones himself while Ryan and Speier talked to Temple members whose names had been provided by concerned relatives in the U.S. During the night, several ‘Jonestown’ members made it clear to the party that they wished to leave the Temple.At 11:00 pm, the media and family representatives were returned to Port Kaituma. Jones refused to allow them to spend the night on the compound. Only Ryan, Speier and other official party members stayed the night at Jonestown.By 3:00 pm the next day, and after a tense altercation with a knife wielding Temple member, some 15 People’s Temple members climbed into the trucks with the delegation to drive to Port Kaituma airport.They arrived at Port Kaituma airport at 4:30 pm and waited for their flights which were delayed because of a request to the US Embassy for a second plane to carry the extra fifteen passengers. Later, when a six-passenger Cessna plane was loaded and began to taxi to the far end of the airstrip, one of the Jonestown defectors on board produced a gun and started shooting inside.At the same time, as Ryan’s party were boarding the other plane, occupants of a tractor owned by the People’s Temple, opened fire. Ryan, three members of the media and one of the defectors were killed. His assistant Speier and five others were seriously wounded.According to the official report, the mass suicide began at about 5:00pm at the same time as shooting at the airport. Word of the deaths at Jonestown reached Port Kaituma on Sunday morning when a few survivors arrived there.On Sunday, 19 November, the first contingent of Guyanese Army rescue forces arrived in Port Kaituma. They confirmed reports of the mass suicide where around 913 of 1100 members, including 408 American citizens had killed themselves with poison.It transpired that as Ryan’s delegation was boarding the aircraft, Jim Jones explained to the Temple members that he had a premonition that someone on the plane was going to kill Ryan. The consequences would be that the Temple’s enemies would stop at nothing to destroy Jonestown.The members had heard about such outside threats before and Jones had prepared them for what he termed “revolutionary suicide”.A tape-recording of the mass-suicide reveals that there was little argument over the decision to die. Despite a few protestations, that the children should be allowed to live, dissenters were soon convinced by the argument that, without suicide the children would suffer a worse fate.Poison-laced drink was brought to the hall and first given to 200 babies and small children by being poured into their mouths through syringes. Parents watched them die before taking it themselves. Some members resisted, but were shot and killed by armed guards who surrounded the room. These guards have never been accounted for.Jones himself was shot, whether by himself or by another member is not known.The Visionary It beggars belief how one man could have such a powerful hold over so many minds. But perhaps Jones’ secret was that he pretended to give so many discontented people what they really wanted out of life?He presented himself as a demagogue who could heal the sick and foretell the future with accuracy. His performances included appearing to cure members of cancer and other diseases, while members themselves described how Jones had saved them from illness or depression. No doubt the multi-racial, egalitarian aspect of his church appealed to many who felt that they were outcasts from society themselves.Unlike other religious institutions, the People’s Temple appeared altruistic, warm and embracing of everyone, irrespective of one’s background, race or creed. These were strong incentives to many young people who felt shunned by a cold, corporate minded world that was full of prejudices. To some, the People’s Temple was more than just meeting likeminded people, it was also offering salvation.Followers had moved to “Jonestown” with the vision to create a completely self-sufficient community based on the ideals of socialism and communalism. Each person would work for the common good, providing food, shelter, clothing, health care and education for themselves. In this community everyone would be equal and could live in peace. It was a noble ideal and one, as Jones would constantly remind them, which was worth dying for.Brainwashed It wasn’t too difficult for Jones to convince his followers that outside sources, the capitalist world, would want to destroy Jonestown for what it represented. Therefore it was easy to convey the feeling that Jonestown was the only safe place members of The People’s Temple could remain in.Even punishments became accepted as Jones’ insidious level of indoctrination made members feel that they had a duty to punish each other, often publicly for transgressions. Parents would beat their children and spouses admonish or physically punish each other. The effect was to make members accept an increasing level of brutality and accept it as the norm.His trick was that with fewer choices to make, the members would feel less stressed, and less frustrated in their lives, as the only choices that were there were made by Jones himself. For many, to suddenly find themselves unburdened by the usual and normal complexities of every day life must have been a relief and convinced them that this way of living was superior and right.As everyone was encouraged to report negative feelings to Jones, a ‘Big Brother’ style environment was cultivated as members were made to feel compelled to ‘grass’ on each another. The idea of being publicly humiliated was another reason to repress any feelings of dissent or criticism of Jones and his Temple.As the Temple was isolated in the jungle it was difficult for anyone to leave without having to encounter major obstacles, such as lack of money, passports, even clothes. But most of all the threat of armed guards stationed along the main road back to civilisation was the greatest incentive to stay put.Leaving was not an option as it would mean risking alienation from their friends and community, even being despised. The fact that members had given up all their worldly possessions to the Temple meant they would be homeless and penniless if they left. There were very few incentives to want to leave.

Crime File Section
Crime File

The Crime

On Father’s Day, 15 June 2008, Anthony took Caylee to visit her grandfather. This was the last day Caylee was seen alive. The following day Anthony left the family home in Orlando for a work assignment in Tampa, taking Caylee with her. She apparently told her friends that Cindy had informed her she wanted her to move out. Anthony moved in with her boyfriend. Whenever Cindy asked to talk to her granddaughter, Anthony made excuses that the child was unavailable or out with her nanny, Zenaida.

About a month later, George and Cindy found a notice from the post office, alerting them to a certified letter. George retrieved the letter, which informed him that his daughter's 1998 Pontiac had been towed and was in a car yard. When he went to pick it up, George noticed an awful odor emanating from the boot of the car. He thought it smelled like a decomposing human body. He opened the trunk, but it contained nothing more than a bag of rubbish. The odious smell also alerted Cindy, who had growing suspicions about not being able to reach her granddaughter. She phoned the Orange County Sheriff’s Office and reported Caylee missing. During a 911 call Casey Anthony also reported that Caylee had been missing for the past thirty-one days.

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Crime File

The Crimes

On Easter Sunday, 19 April 1992, Dale, Glee and Tiffany Ewell were shot in cold blood at their Fresno home in Sunnyside, California. Dana was two hundred miles away at the time of the crime on holiday with his girlfriend and her FBI father, John Zent.The Ewells had returned home from a holiday weekend on the California coast at their beach house at Pajaro Dunes, and it was assumed had disturbed a burglary on their return.Glee and Tiffany had been the first victims as they had driven back to their home, before husband Dale, who had taken the plane, was shot on entering the house about thirty minutes later.When homicide Detective John Souza entered the grisly crime scene two days later he felt there was something staged about the whole incident. The killings were efficient and methodical, perhaps too methodical, as the murderer had waited on a sheet of plastic to avoid leaving clues. They had also calmly retrieved all the bullet casings from the scene which indicated that the intruder or intruders did not feel particularly rushed.Dana appeared to have a shut tight alibi having been two hundred miles away at the time of the slaying. However, Souza and his fellow detectives weren’t convinced that the disturbed-intruders theory was so cut and dried. The robbery and murders felt carefully planned and too staged. Despite Dana’s alibi he immediately became a suspect. Souza followed his intuition and cast his eye on the cocky son who stood to inherit a fortune. Another aspect giving rise to suspicion was the fact that Dana seemed oddly unaffected by the brutal killings and instead demonstrated annoyance at receiving his family’s entire multimillion-dollar fortune at his immediate disposal.

Crime File Section
Crime File

The Crimes

On 9 September 1996, his 17th birthday, David Noel Vest went to visit 19-year-old Michael Johnson at his house in Balch Springs, near Dallas, Texas. At the house Vest noticed a 9mm pistol on a table.Later that day Vest was at home when some other friends dropped by in a stolen Cadillac. Vest went out with his friends, driving them each to their homes until he was the last one left in the car. Vest then saw Johnson in a parking lot, talking on a public telephone. He pulled over and picked up his friend and the two drove to Johnson’s house. Johnson went inside and returned with the 9mm pistol tucked into the waistband of his trousers. The pair drove around for a while then headed towards the Texas coast during the night, aiming to spend the following day at the beach, at Corpus Christi, to celebrate Vest’s birthday.Near the town of Waco the pair noticed the car was running low on fuel. Not having any money, they decided to make a “gas run’’; filling up the car with petrol and then speeding off without paying. Johnson took the wheel and they drove to two separate service stations but decided against them as targets. Their next option was a Fastime service station with convenience store, near an Interstate 35 exit ramp in Lorena, Texas. The service station was a family business, run by 27-year-old Jeff Wetterman. Wetterman, a tall man of 6 foot 7 inches, had been married just three weeks earlier. His widow, Trish Wetterman McLean, later described her husband as “a gentle person (with) a big heart and a big smile”.At around 7am on 10 September 1996, Vest and Johnson drove onto the forecourt of the Fastime service station. Wetterman came out to fill the car with petrol, as was custom at the full-service station. Knowing they did not have money to pay for the $24 worth of fuel, and presumably afraid that Wetterman would alert the police if they drove off, one of the two young men shot Wetterman in the face with the pistol. A female employee of the Fastime would later testify that after the sound of the shot, she looked out and saw Wetterman sitting on the ground with a blond-haired man standing beside the passenger door of the Cadillac. The bullet had severed Wetterman’s spinal cord and he was dying. Vest and Johnson would each later claim it was the other who shot and killed Wetterman.The pair then drove to Corpus Christi. They sold the gun to a trucker for $35, which they used to buy petrol, drinks and cigarettes and then returned to the Dallas area later that day.

Crime File Section
Crime File

The Crimes

On 6 September 1924, Dillinger was with a friend, Edgar Singleton, who allegedly introduced the young would-be gangster into a life of felony. Being more experienced in criminal society, Singleton had considerable influence over the young Dillinger and coerced the him into robbing a local grocer, Frank Morgan. As the shopkeeper returned home with the week’s takings, the two men assaulted him.Dillinger hit Morgan with a cloth-wrapped iron bolt and the victim fell to the ground. Both men were arrested and, despite Dillinger being the younger of the two and having no criminal record, he found himself facing the stiffer penalty - between 10 and 15 years in prison. The canny Singleton, despite actually having a criminal record, engaged the services of a lawyer and received a lesser 2 to 14 years behind bars.While in prison the young Dillinger wrote a remorseful letter to his father: “I know I have been a big disappointment to you, but I guess I did too much time, for where I went in a carefree boy, I came out bitter toward everything in general... if I had gotten off more leniently when I made my first mistake this would never have happened.”Inside the Indiana State Reformatory he kept his head down and showed that he could be an industrious prisoner in the shirt factory, where he worked as a seamster. He was so conscientious that he not only completed his own quota twice over but also did other prisoners’ work too.It is more than likely that Dillinger knew exactly what he was doing; ingratiating himself with powerful fellow cons such as Harry Pierpont and Homer Van Meter who quickly sought his friendship.Despite being estranged from his wife, Beryl and his family visited him frequently. He also wrote warm tender letters to his wife, signing himself as ‘Hubby’ but little knowing that Beryl was contemplating a divorce. Even though she received a letter asking to send pictures of herself and telling her how much he’d care for her when he got out, Beryl filed for divorce on 20 June 1929. Dillinger was devastated. It was not to be the only blow, for one month later he discovered that his case for parole had been rejected.If Dillinger wasn’t the hardened criminal, intent on a life of crime when he first went into prison, there is no doubting that his experiences inside the Indiana State Prison firmly set him on course for a life of crime. He was now a bitter, angry creature, and soon schooled up on the skills of robbing banks with guidance from the likes of Pierpont, Van Meter, Charles Makley, John Hamilton, Walter Dietrich and Russell Clark. When they finally broke out of prison, these men would all become members of the Dillinger gang.On 22 May 1933, Dillinger was paroled. After having spent most of his youth incarcerated, the now hardened ex con decided he was going to become a professional bank robber. Now on the outside, he was in a position to help smuggle in guns to his friends via Harry Pierpont’s girlfriend, Mary Kinder. On 22 September, ten prisoners, Dillinger’s new disciples, escaped from the Indiana State Prison.Just before their escape, Dillinger himself had been arrested and imprisoned at the Allen County Jail in Lima. In a scene reminiscent of a Western, the escaped convicts, including best friend Pierpont, sprang Dillinger from jail – however, in the process they killed Sheriff Jesses Sarber.It is alleged that Dillinger was angered by the death, as he felt it unnecessary. But such regrets didn’t stop him from planning raids on several banks using rigorous methods that involved meticulous planning and trial-runs before undertaking the actual attack. Part of his master plan entailed memorising the interior layout of a bank, also noting its distance from the local police station.As Dillinger and his gang’s bank sprees went from state to state, their reputation with the public - enhanced by the fact the Depression had meant banks had foreclosed on millions of people – became almost saintlike. Unwittingly perhaps, Dillinger began to cultivate a ‘Robin Hood’ hero-like status, acting as avenger for the way millions of ordinary American citizens had been treated.In April 1934, Warner Brothers studios released a newsreel showing the Division of Investigation manhunt of John Dillinger, by now one of the nation's most notorious criminals. Movie audiences cheered when Dillinger's picture appeared on the screen. Conversely they hissed at pictures of D.O.I. special agents. When D.O.I. Director J. Edgar Hoover heard the news that movie audiences, particularly in Dillinger’s hometown of Mooresville, were applauding the mobster he was outraged. Hoover put the town of Mooresville under surveillance, and threatened to prosecute the Dillinger family unless they cooperated with the D.O.I.Aside from Dillinger’s busy schedule robbing banks he wasn’t averse to developing his love life and began a relationship with Evelyn Billie Frechette, a girl of mixed French and Native American ancestry. His fellow gang members also had girlfriends, but apart from sex there were few other indulgencies as Pierpont, a stickler for discipline believed that drink and drugs would make them less alert to the danger of being caught.Although it’s fair to say that few citizens were killed because of Dillinger’s exploits, that wasn’t to say that innocent people, either those working in banks or passersby weren’t traumatised by the experience of being caught up in a raid.On 15 January 1934, Officer Patrick O’Malley was shot and killed by Dillinger during a bank raid in East Chicago. Although there is some contention over who was actually responsible for the family man’s death, Dillinger is reported as saying "I've always felt bad about O'Malley getting killed, but only because of his wife and kids. ...He stood right in the way and kept throwing slugs at me. What else could I do?"Ten days later on 25 January 1934, Dillinger, along with Pierpont, Makley and Clark were arrested in Tucson. They were split up, Dillinger himself being extradited by plane to Indiana for the murder of Officer O’Malley while the others went to Lima prison, Ohio. Dillinger didn’t go quietly, needing to be shackled and dragged to the aircraft. During this time on trial, the famous photograph was taken of Dillinger putting his arm on prosecutor Robert Estill's shoulder.After residing in ‘escape-proof’ Crown Point prison in Indiana, Dillinger eventually absconded in an episode which has become part of gangland folklore, when he allegedly threatened guards with a wooden gun blackened by shoe polish. The mobster himself was quoted as referring to it as his ‘pea shooter’.Later, evidence emerged that his lawyer had arranged for Dillinger's escape with cash bribes and the wooden gun was simply a cover story.But it was still an audacious jailbreak with Dillinger stealing the sheriff's car and racing off to Chicago. J. Edgar Hoover was ecstatic, because driving a stolen vehicle across state lines was a federal crime, making Dillinger eligible for a pursuit by the FBI.Continuing their spree, hitting banks in the Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and Mason City, Dillinger was eventually wounded in the shoulder during a raid in Iowa. He then lay low with girlfriend Billie Frechette at the Lincoln Court Apartments in St. Paul. However, the caretaker of the building was suspicious and, after reporting to the authorities, two FBI agents paid a visit to Dillinger’s apartment.Frechette opened the door and the agents asked to talk to ‘Carl Hellman’ - an alias Dillinger used. At first Frechette told the agents he wasn't there and when they then asked to speak with her she told them to wait while she dressed. After a few minutes, Dillinger cleared the way with a machine gun and he and Frechette escaped after one of the agents receiving a leg wound. After a brief recuperation the couple decided to head to Mooresville, Dillinger’s home town, which they believed would be the last place the FBI would look for them.However, events were to take a rather bizarre turn when Dillinger’s girlfriend was finally caught and arrested in Chicago. The then increasingly paranoid Dillinger decided to undergo plastic surgery, along with Van Meter, on 27 May 1934.After his jailbreak and continuation to rob banks across several states Dillinger, who turned 31 on 22 June 1934, became America’s first 'Public Enemy Number One' - with a $10,000 reward on his head.It was around this time that a new member joined the Dillinger posse, the psychopathic George Nelson, otherwise known as ‘Baby Face Nelson’ due to his youthful features.It was while the gang were on the run and staying at a lodge called Little Bohemia in Wisconsin that a shootout occurred between Dillinger’s gang and the FBI after agents had been secretly contacted by the lodge owners. After FBI agents crept up on the lodge, Dillinger and his gang were alerted by barking dogs and soon gunfire was exchanged. The brief battle resulted in Baby Face killing thirty-year-old agent W. Carter Baum after the agent had approached the mobsters’ car.The incident also saw terrible mistakes committed by the FBI themselves when they mistakenly gunned down three innocent workers during the shootout. However, despite the short, intense exchange of fire, Dillinger and his gang managed to escape.On 4 July 1934, Dillinger moved into the apartment of Anna Sage, a Romanian ex-prostitute who was facing deportation charges for operating several brothels. Not one to be without a woman for long, Dillinger now had a new girlfriend, Polly Hamilton, former waitress and employee of Sage.It’s not known whether Dillinger was aware that Sage was facing deportation charges but he obviously wasn’t aware of the fact that she was prepared to double cross the mobster in order to save her own skin.Sage did a deal with Melvin Purvis, a young, well-respected FBI agent who was to later become famous for capturing more public enemies than any other FBI agent in history. The brothel owner believed that by turning Dillinger in she wouldn’t be deported – she would be sorely mistaken.On 22 July 1934, Dillinger invited Sage and girlfriend Hamilton to see the Clark Gable movie ‘Manhattan Melodrama’ at the Biograph cinema in Chicago. Sage had forewarned Purvis and when the trio set off to see the film, FBI agents, including Purvis, waited outside. Sage, who had been asked to wear an orange skirt and white blouse to identify her, knew all along that agents were waiting outside.As the trio exited the cinema Purvis shouted “Stick ‘em up, Johnny”.Dillinger bolted, running down the street and struggling to take his gun out. He was shot six times in the back.

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The Crimes

On 27th November 1978, Dan White went to City Hall with a loaded .38 revolver. In order to avoid the metal detectors he entered through a basement window that had been negligently left open for ventilation. He proceeded to the Mayor's office where the two men began arguing until Moscone suggested going to a more private room so that they couldn’t be heard. Once there, Moscone refused to re-appoint him and White shot the Mayor twice in the chest and twice in the head.He then went down the corridor and shot Milk, twice in the chest, once in the back and twice again in the head. Soon after he turned himself in at the police station where he used to work and there are reports that his old colleagues cheered and applauded him when he arrived.

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On 21 November 2006, Doris Jimenez was raped and murdered in Sol Fashion, the clothing boutique she owned in San Juan del Sur. Jimenez, an attractive and well-liked 25-year-old woman, was last seen alive outside her store at 11.30am. At about 2pm a building watchman let himself into Jimenez’s store after noticing that, unusually, the shop was closed. He found Jimenez dead on the floor of the shop, her limbs tied together with bed sheets. She had been raped, sodomised, and suffocated. Screwed up paper and rags had been forced into her mouth, choking and killing her.

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The Crimes

On 2 June 2010 Derrick Bird snaps and begins a murderous journey that will result in 30 different crime scenes, and with him taking his own life in the picturesque hamlet of Boot. He sets off from his home in Rowrah in his silver Citroen Picasso. His destination is his twin David’s home at High Trees Farm in Lamplugh. Arriving in the early hours he lets himself in, walks up the stairs to his brother’s bedroom and shoots him eleven times while he asleep in bed.Around 5.14am, Bird is seen on CCTV footage driving to the house of his family solicitor Kevin Commons in Frizington. At 10.13am Commons, 60, leaves his front door to find his car blocked in by Bird. Without warning Bird shoots him twice, once in the shoulder and twice in the head. The attack is witnessed by a neighbour.Armed with a 12-bore sawn-off shotgun and a .22 rifle fitted with a telescopic sight, he heads back to Rowrah to try and pick up another gun he’s left with a friend. Fortunately the key to the gun cupboard can’t be found. Not knowing what danger she’s in the friend’s wife offers Bird a cup of tea. He refuses and leaves.At 10.32am Bird arrives in Whitehaven and shoots dead taxi driver, Darren Rewcastle. He also shoots taxi drivers Terry Kennedy, Donald Reid and Paul Wilson. They survive, although Kennedy has to have his right hand amputated. Hearing shots being fired, a local neighbourhood police officer sees Bird’s taxi with a shot gun pointing out of the front passenger window. Alarmed he alerts the police. It’s only now that the police realise a gunman is on the loose. They respond by diverting all Cumbria police officers to intercept. But Bird has an excellent knowledge of the local roads and is always one step ahead.The neighbourhood police officer attempts to follow Bird in a car that pulls over to let him in. He witnesses Bird shoot another couple as their oncoming car passes Bird’s Citroen Picasso. Offering assistance to the injured couple, another unmarked police car takes up the chase. However, the officers become trapped when Bird reverses into a driveway. He points his gun at them and then drives off at high speed.Public warnings are issued throughout the Lake District focusing on Whitehaven, Egremont and Seascale. At 11am David Bird’s body is found by his neighbour.Bird continues his journey through the town of Egremont where he shoots dead 71 year-old Kenneth Fishburne, followed by Susan Hughes, 57, who’s been walking home after doing her morning shopping.Reaching the village of Wilton, Bird sounds his horn outside the home of Jason Carey. Carey’s a member of the local diving club who Bird has had a falling-out with. Obviously seeking to settle a score Carey has the luckiest day of his life when no-one answers and Bird drives off. His next victims are Jennifer Jackson, 68, and her husband James, 67.Arriving in Carleton Wood, Bird murders Isaac Dixon. A part-time mole catcher he’s just been having a friendly chat to a local farmer. Bird then heads to Gosforth and comes across Garry Purdham, 31, trimming hedges in his field. It’s believed that Bird’s method to kill his victims is to call them over to his car and then shoot them in the face. Garry is killed on the spot.The random killings continue when Bird arrives in Seascale. His youngest victim is estate agent Jamie Clark, 23. He shoots at him but Jamie crashes his car and it’s unclear as to what kills him. At 11.27am Bird murders cyclist Michael Pike, 64, and then goes on to murder his final victim, Jane Robinson, 66, who is in the wrong place at the wrong time delivering catalogues.Heading for the Eskdale Valley he opens fire on six more targets injuring another three people. He pulls up to a tourist, asks her if it’s a nice day and then shoots her in the face. She survives but wisely plays dead until his car disappears.Finally with petrol getting low, a blown tyre on his front wheel, and running out of ammunition Bird makes his final journey to a popular beauty spot in Boot, Doctor Bridge. After dumping his car, terrified tourist Lee Turner, asks him if he needs any help. He refuses and heads off on foot with his rifle. The final reported sighting of Bird shows a man looking dejected with hunched-shoulders. Police find his body around 1.30pm.

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Crime File

The Crimes

On 17 January 1910, Crippen ordered five grains of the poison, hydro-bromide of Hyoscine, from a New Oxford Street chemist called Lewis & Burrows, who supplied medications for his dentistry practice. Hyoscine was a drug known for its sedative properties and, at the time, was used in extremely small dosages by doctors to subdue mental patients. It had no obvious dental applications.The last night that Belle was seen alive was 31 January 1910, when the Crippens had guests for dinner.Since Crippen denied the murder of Belle, the exact chain of events were never conclusively proven, but medical experts summoned at his trial surmised that Crippen’s intention was to fatally sedate Belle, and then summon his friend Dr. Burroughs, who had been previously primed with an illness story, when he ‘found’ her dead in their bed. Perhaps Crippen over-medicated whatever medium he used to administer the drug, but Belle became hyperactive, rather than sedated, and created a tremendous amount of noise. Crippen, in desperation, shot her with his revolver, and neighbours heard the sound, although they didn’t recognise it as a gun shot at the time.With Crippen’s neat execution plan now seriously awry, he decided that Belle’s body would have to be secreted in the cellar of the house. As the cellar was very small, and Belle a large woman, he dissected her corpse in the bath, removing her long bones and ribs, which he took down to the kitchen and burned in the open hearth there. He may also have used acid to dissolve her internal organs in the bath. He lifted the stone floor of the cellar, and buried her filleted torso there, before disposing of her head, and other remaining organs, in a weighted sack, in a canal near Hilldrop Crescent.The next day he attended to patients at his dental practice as though nothing was amiss. He told Ethel that Belle had left him, and made her a gift of some of her jewellery, pawning the rest of her jewellery later that day. He also asked Ethel to deliver a note to the Ladies’ Guild, in which ‘Belle’ resigned her post as treasurer, advising her friends that she had to travel to America to tend to a sick relative. The members of the Ladies’ Guild were suspicious from the outset, Belle having never mentioned any ailing relative to them. However, it wasn’t until 20 February, when Crippen attended a Guild Ball accompanied by Ethel, who was wearing Belle’s jewellery, that they voiced their concerns openly.Inundated almost daily by enquiries about Belle from various Guild matrons, Crippen tried to staunch the gossip by informing them that Belle had fallen seriously ill in California. He then sent a telegram to the Martinettis, the couple with whom he and Belle had shared their final meal, on 24 March 1910, saying that Belle had died. Crippen also disappeared for a short break to France with Ethel, which seemed unduly hasty, given the recent death of his wife.The Ladies’ Guild pressed Crippen for details of Belle’s funeral on his return; he claimed she was being cremated in the United States. As a Catholic, Belle would not have countenanced cremation so, armed with all the evidence they had amassed over the previous two months, they approached Chief Inspector Walter Dew at Scotland Yard, laying out their suspicions. He claimed that there was too little evidence with which to proceed.Undaunted, they continued their investigations, discovering that no boat had sailed to the United States on the day Belle was supposed to have left, and no one named Crippen had died in California on the day claimed in the telegram. Dew was forced to respond to the allegation, and he visited Crippen at home on 8th July 1910, questioning him about the death of his wife. Crippen admitted candidly that he had invented the story of her death: Belle, he claimed, had left him for another man, and he was merely trying to avoid the scandal and humiliation. Dew decided that he believed the story, and took his leave.

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The Crimes

On 15 September 1990, some passersby walking along the river Vitava River in Czechoslovakia, near Prague came across the grisly sight of the body of a young woman. Blanka Bockova was the first victim of Jack Unterweger. She was left in a state of degradation, lying on her back, nude, with a pair of grey stockings knotted around her neck. Her legs were open and she had been covered with leaves.The night before she had gone out with friends for a drink in the upmarket Wenceslas Square and had remained in a bar while the others left around 11.45pm. She was last seen talking to a man, aged around 40, but no-one could offer any other details. Bockova was a fun loving girl and was not a prostitute.Several weeks later Brunhilde Masser, a well known prostitute from Graz, was reported missing. As Austria had very few problems with prostitutes the authorities became concerned. Two months later in early December another prostitute, Heidemarie Hammerer, also went missing. On New Year’s Eve, almost a month after her disappearance, her body was found by hikers in a wood outside of the town.Like the first murder she was also found on her back and covered with dead leaves and bramble. It appeared that the body had been redressed and then dragged through the woods. Although not naked, her legs were bare and a missing piece of material from her slip was found inside her mouth. Hammerer, like Blanka Bockova, had been strangled with a pair of tights and also displayed bruises and ligament marks on her wrists, suggesting that she had been tied up. Several red fibres on her clothing that didn’t match anything she was wearing appeared to be possible evidence left by the killer.A few days later the body of missing prostitute Brunhilde Masser was discovered. Her badly decomposed body was also found in a quiet wood in Bregenz. Again, there were no signs of robbery and her manner of death matched the previous two murders.The Austrian Federal Police investigating the cases found it difficult to unearth details about the prostitutes’ clients. There had been no witnesses to the murders and the police found themselves without any leads to go on. At this particular stage the Austrian police, unaware of Blanka Bokova’s murder in Prague, had no indication that they were dealing with a serial killer.This view would soon begin to change when another prostitute, Elfriede Schrempf, disappeared from Graz on 7 March 1991. Schrempf’s parents contacted the police to notify them that a man had called the family home several times and taunted them about their daughter’s occupation. What concerned them and the police was the fact the girl’s telephone number was unlisted and suggested that the person who may be responsible for her disappearance made the calls.On 5 October 1991, Schrempf’s body was found like the others in a woodland area just outside Graz. Her remains were skeletal and again she was covered in leaves. The police, if they hadn’t realised then that they were in the midst of a serial killer soon did when four more prostitutes vanished, this time from Vienna. Silvia Zagler, Sabine Moitzi, Regina Prem and Karin Eroglu had all vanished within the period of a month.Moitzi’s body was discovered on 20 May 1992 followed by Karin Ergolu. Both women had been strangled and dumped in woodland outside the city of Vienna. Again the MO of the killer was the same: the victims had been asphyxiated with an article of their own clothing.A breakthrough suddenly came to the fore when retired seventy-year-old investigator August Schenner, recalled a series of murders and attacks he had dealt with in the seventies. The crime scene and cause of deaths was remarkably similar to the murders now being committed in Austria. The culprit, Johann ‘Jack’ Unterweger had been caught and imprisoned.The former murders of two women had led Schenner to a prostitute, Barbara Scholz who had admitted that she and Unterweger had abducted one of the victims, eighteen-year-old Margaret Schaefer and taken her to a wood where she was tied up and assaulted. Unterweger had demanded sex and when the girl refused he bludgeoned her to death with a steel pipe. He then strangled and left her nude body face up in the wood covered with leaves.At the trial Unterweger had confessed to the crime but revealed that as he hit the victim he had seen a vision of his mother, which had fuelled his anger and hatred resulting in him continuing to strike the victim until she was dead.Unterweger was declared insane by a psychologist who described him as being a ‘sexually sadistic psychopath with narcissistic and histrionic tendencies, prone to fits of rage and anger. He is an incorrigible perpetrator’.Despite finding the body of the second victim, Marcia Horveth, who had also been strangled and dumped into Lake Salzachsee near Salzburg, Unterweger denied responsibility. He was also now serving time in prison for life.Inspector Schenner had known that Unterweger was incredibly manipulative and used such skills to influence those around him. On investigation he discovered that the killer had secured a parole board and managed to get himself released only fifteen years into his sentence. Not only had Unterweger been freed early but in the time he had also become a best selling novelist and celebrity.After his incarceration in 1976, Unterweger who was originally illiterate spent his time in jail learning to read and write. He not only became well read but ventured into writing himself and rather incredibly created a bestseller with his autobiography 'Fegefeur' (Purgatory) followed by another self examination ‘Endstation Zuchthaus’ (Terminus Prison) which won a prestigious literary award.His books proffered self-confessional tracts such as: "I wielded my steel rod among prostitutes in Hamburg, Munich and Marseilles. I had enemies and I conquered them through my inner hatred."Untweger’s memoirs were filled with self-indulgent documentation of the state of his own disturbed mind and his urges to kill. No doubt the poetic and lyrical quality of such writing coupled with his infamy as a ‘damaged’ killer impressed publishers and the parole board alike. For Untweger’s literary efforts had done more than give him awards and celebrity, it had also secured his freedom in that the authorities were quick to believe that ‘art’ had brought about redemption.The now famous lifer was upheld as an example of how an evildoer, and in Unterweger’s case a sadistic killer, can alter themselves for the better and contribute to society. After countless interviews with the press, Unterweger, now showing that he was a reformed man, found himself at the centre of a public campaign to release him. On 23 May 1990 his endeavours to hoodwink the authorities and members of the public saw him become a free man once again.One of the most bizarre and disturbing aspects of this case is that while Unterweger was being feted by the chattering classes and invited to glitzy soirees and parties, he was also been asked for his opinions and advice on the latest disappearance of prostitutes that he alone was responsible for. The killer by this time was now known as ‘The Courier’ and Unterweger not only participated on television talk shows about the matter but even conducted broadcast interviews on the street himself.In reality, while the devious Unterweger was basking in the spotlight of celebrity and seeing his books rise up the bestsellers list, he was still continuing his sickening obsession with brutalising women.Certain police investigators had become suspicious of Unterweger, but they had to tread carefully as the former killer was now a popular literary figure and symbol of redemption for a liberal community.Surveillance Dr Ernst Geiger, a detective on the Austrian Federal police force had never been convinced by Unterweger’s act as a reformed man. A discreet surveillance was kept on the killer. When Unterweger was invited to Los Angeles to write articles it wasn’t just Geiger who noticed that the latest murders suddenly stopped. Now he realised that he would have to look seriously into Unterweger’s movements and either eliminate or arrest him. It was just a question of getting the right evidence.The police began to trace all of Unterweger’s activities from credit cards to receipts and rental car agencies. After several months they had accumulated many links to the man’s movements and places where the victims had been murdered. Records showed that Unterweger was in Graz when Brunhilde Masser was found strangled and also in Bregenz when victim Heidemarie Hammerer disappeared off the radar. A witness also testified that Unterweger was similar to a man she had seen with Hammerer just before she disappeared and that he had been wearing a brown leather jacket and red scarf. Sightings of Unterweger with the other victims in Vienna were also established.Following Unterweger’s return to Austria, where he realised he was now a suspect, he wrote articles criticising the police force’s effort to track down the killer. Because so many people had taken a great risk in believing that Unterweger was a reformed character they supported him in his crusade against the police.It was important that Dr Ernst Geiger collected as much circumstantial evidence that he could, which he did from various Austrian prostitutes who Unterweger had visited under the pretext that he was a journalist.Dr Geiger was able to carry out forensic tests on a BMW that Unterweger had bought on his release from prison. A hair fragment was found and DNA tests proved that it belonged to Blanka Bockova, the first victim from Prague. This evidence allowed a warrant search of the suspect’s flat in Vienna where they discovered a brown leather jacket and red scarf. They also came across a menu and receipts from a Malibu seafood restaurant, together with home snapshots of Unterweger posing with female members of the Los Angeles Police Department. Geiger, on a hunch, thought that something might also turn up in LA. He contacted the police there and discovered that they were in the throes of investigating three killings of prostitutes.L.A Killings Geiger discovered that all of the murders in LA were identical to those in Austria. They had all been killed while Unterweger was in the city masquerading as a journalist and requiring the LA police to assist him with his research. More importantly, receipts from the Unterweger’s apartment correlated to hotels near where the prostitutes were murdered.One worrying development for the police was that Unterweger had acquired an impressionable girlfriend, Bianca Mrak, who was now missing from home. It now became an urgent crusade to track down Unterweger before anything happened to her.Tipped off by friends that the police were now searching for him Unterweger left Austria with Mrak and managed to enter into America. He then started a campaign to make him look like a victim of police persecution and contacted the Austrian press. The manipulative Unterweger managed to persuade Austrian newspapers to publish his case for defence. Playing the wronged man role and a victim of police vindictiveness, some of the papers agreed and even paid him for an exclusive article.Mrak herself revealed that she was happy to be with Unterwegger and the picture created was that they were fugitives facing persecution from the Austrian police who had singled him out as a scapegoat.

Crime File Section

The Crimes

On 12 September 1993, teenager Elisa Claps went missing from her home town of Potenza, Italy. She had reluctantly agreed to go on a date that day with Restivo, because she felt sorry for the bespectacled, strange young man. They arranged to meet at the church in the centre of the city. It was the last time Elisa was seen alive.On 12 November 2002, Heather Barnett was brutally murdered and mutilated in her own home. Her body was discovered by her 11-year-old daughter Caitlin and 14-year-old son Terry when they returned home from school. Bizarrely the killer had cut Heather’s hair and placed it in her hand. In her other hand, police found hair belonging to another woman.This brutal and disturbing murder was one of the worst crimes ever witnessed in the small Dorset town of Bournemouth and police were under considerable pressure to solve the case. There were no witnesses, no motive and minimal forensic evidence. Against this police were convinced that the killer was sophisticated; planned in his approach. All hallmarks that this was not his first crime. It would take a huge police effort to catch this clever and dangerous criminal.

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The Crimes

Neilson’s hardened criminal behaviour became more entrenched with each robbery and, on 15 February 1974, during a raid on a Harrogate sub-post office, he shot dead the postmaster, Donald Skepper. Having kept a low profile following the first murder, and the ensuing police hunt, he took another life seven months later, when postmaster Derek Astin was shot dead in Lancashire during the course of another raid. The police quickly came to the conclusion that they were looking for the same killer in both cases.Just 9 weeks later, a third postmaster, Sidney Grayland, was shot dead during the commission of a robbery in the West Midlands. Forensic evidence at the scene linked this death to the first two. Despite the three deaths the media showed little interest in the attacks, and Neilson was dissatisfied with the lack of attention, as well as the relatively slim pickings to be had from the post office raids.Still searching for that elusive big payout, Neilson settled on kidnapping as his best route to success, choosing Lesley Whittle, a 17-year-old heiress to a transport fortune. He gathered as much information about her as he could, and made comprehensive plans for her incarceration, as well as the delivery of the ransom that he planned to demand for her return.On 14 January 1975, Neilson broke into the Whittle family’s Shropshire estate, and abducted Lesley from her bedroom without incident, leaving a ransom note that demanded £50,000. In it, he gave detailed instructions for its delivery by Lesley’s brother, Ronald, and included a warning not to involve the police. Lesley Whittle was held in a drainage shaft beneath Bathpool Park, in Staffordshire.The Whittle family chose not to heed the ransom warning, and informed both the local police and Scotland Yard of the abduction. Poor communication between the different police factions led to a media leak, which convinced police that the kidnapper had been scared off by the media attention. This wasn’t the case, however, and when Neilson called the designated phone box in accordance with his ransom instructions, Ronald Whittle was not there to take his call.Two further ransom delivery attempts were bungled over the next 72 hours, as a result of both poor police coordination and bad luck, but at least police were sure that Lesley was still alive at this time, as it was her voice that recorded the details for the second failed ransom drop, in Bathpool Park itself. On the tape she seemed calm and collected, given the circumstances. It is claimed that Neilson spotted a police vehicle in the area at the time of the second drop, and decided not to risk a police trap, aborting the ransom drop. Unbeknownst to the police, the second failed attempt ended just yards from the drainage shaft where Lesley was imprisoned, but no search of the immediate area was carried out at the time. Furious that his instructions had not been followed, Neilson waited nearby for Ronald Whittle and the police to leave, before entering the drainage shaft and killing Lesley Whittle in a rage. Had police conducted a thorough search before leaving, there was every chance they might have discovered Lesley alive.On the same night as the last aborted drop, Neilson was also involved in a freight train terminal robbery, in which a security guard, Gerald Smith, was fatally injured. Forensic evidence again linked the crime to the “Black Panther” post-office heists, but no connection was made to the Whittle kidnap at that time. It took police more than a week to discover Neilson’s stolen getaway vehicle, which he had abandoned close to the terminal, in which tapes of Lesley Whittle’s voice, and ransom drop instructions, were found.Finally making the connection between the “Black Panther” and Lesley Whittle, and given that 10 days had passed without word from her kidnapper, a proper search of Bathpool Park was instigated, and the news blackout, that had proved so ineffective, was lifted. A televised interview with Ronald Whittle, and public assistance, led to the discovery of Lesley Whittle’s body nearly two months later, on 7 March 1975.  She was discovered hanging naked from a rope tied to the end of a metal hawser in the drainage shaft, and post mortem evidence revealed that she had been killed within days of her kidnapping.

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The Crimes

Kot’s first attack took place in September 1964. His victim was visiting a church in Krakow when she saw a young man deep in prayer. When she also knelt to pray,  Kot pulled out a bayonet concealed in his jacket and stabbed her in the back, aiming for her heart, intending for the attack to be fatal. Kot hurried out of the church and when he was a safe distance away he stopped to lick the blood from the knife. Although she was seriously injured and in severe shock, the attack was not fatal. She also managed to recall that her attacker had a red shield stitched onto his jacket, indicating to the police that he was a high school student.A few days later Kot lay in wait for his next victim at a tram stop. He set his sights on a 73-year-old woman, who had left the tram and was walking home. Kot followed her. When she reached the steps leading up to her front door, Kot pulled out a knife and stabbed her. The attack caused the woman to stumble and fall down the stairs. Kot was certain that this attack had been fatal and quickly left the scene. The elderly woman survived, but never regained her full health. She broke her spine and her legs were left paralysed.On 29 September 1964, Kot decided to attack again. He was walking around town when he saw an old woman go into a church. As with his previous victims, he stabbed the 77-year-old in the back, however this time, his attack proved to be fatal. Before she died, the victim managed to whisper to a nun that her attacker was a young man. Meanwhile, hiding away from the crime scene, Kot licked the blood from the blade of his knife.Kot’s criminal activity then went quiet. However, during a trip to Tyniec in 1965 he attempted to murder his friend Danuta, by putting a knife to her throat. Her reaction to this attack probably saved her life. She had laughed at Kot, before calmly explaining that if he killed her, he would immediately be the main suspect.

Early in 1966 Kot began experiment with poisons in order to claim more innocent victims. At a bar he poured poison into a bottle of vinegar and then left. He then monitored the newspapers, but to no avail, to find any mentions of poisoning.On Sunday 13 February 1966, Kot wanted to kill again and went to the Kosciuszko Mound area of Krakow. He knew that he would be able to find people walking alone here. An 11-year-old boy was pulling his sled when Kot attacked him. He grabbed him by the neck with one hand, and stabbed the eleven times boy with the other hand. Despite the violence of the attack, Kot was so discreet that no one noticed.Two months later on 14 April, Kot was sitting on some steps outside of an apartment buulding, waiting for his next victim. A 7-year old girl came outside to check the mailbox. Kot stabbed her eight times. Thanks to a quick and efficient rescue, she survived, but all the young girl could remember was that her attacker was wearing a white scarf. After the attack Kot went to a police station to extend his gun license and then ate dinner.

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The Crimes

Just after he graduated from high school, in June 1978, he picked up a hitchhiker named Steven Hicks, took him home to his parents’ house, where they drank beer and had sex. When Hicks tried to leave, Dahmer killed him with a blow to the head with a barbell. He dismembered the corpse of his first victim, packed the remains in plastic bags and buried them in the woods behind the house. It would be another nine years before he took his second victim.At the same time of his first killing, his alcohol consumption became uncontrolled and, in January 1979, when Dahmer dropped out of Ohio State University after only one term, due to drunkenness, his recently remarried father insisted that he enlist in the Army, and he was posted to Germany.This drinking problem persisted, until two years later the Army discharged him for alcoholism. It is not believed that he took any more victims whilst in the Armed Forces, and he returned home to Ohio following his discharge, where he exhumed Hicks’ decomposing remains, pulverised them with a hammer, and scattered the pieces even more widely in the woods.An arrest in October 1981 for disorderly conduct prompted his father to send Dahmer to live with his grandmother in Wisconsin, but the alcohol problems persisted. His next arrest occurred some years later, in September 1986, for masturbating in front of two young boys, for which he received a one-year probationary sentence.In September 1987 he took his second victim, Steven Toumi, whom he met in a gay bar. They checked into a hotel room, drank heavily and, next morning, Dahmer claims to have found Toumi dead beside him. He bought a large suitcase to transport Toumi’s corpse to his grandmother’s basement, where he had sex with, and masturbated on it, before dismembering it and disposing of the remains in the rubbish.He developed a pattern of murder that was to persist for the duration of his thirteen year killing spree: he sought out mostly African-American men at gay meeting places, lured them home to his grandmother’s basement with promises of money or sex, where he would ply them with alcohol laced with drugs, strangle them, have sex with the corpse or masturbate on it, then dismember the corpses and dispose of them, usually keeping their genitals or skulls as souvenirs.  He often took photos of each victim at various stages of the murder process, so he could recollect each act afterwards and relive the experience. This re-enactment included assembling the skulls and masturbating in front of them, to achieve gratification.His grandmother eventually tired of the late nights and drunkenness, although she had no knowledge of the other activities, and she forced him to move out in September 1988, but not before he had killed another two victims on the premises.At this point he had an extremely lucky escape: an encounter with a thirteen-year-old Laotian boy resulted in charges of sexual exploitation, and second-degree sexual assault, being laid against Dahmer. He pleaded guilty, claiming that the boy had appeared much older and, whilst he awaited sentencing, he moved back in temporarily with his grandmother, where he again put her basement to gruesome use; in February 1989 an aspiring African-American model, named Anthony Sears, was lured, drugged, strangled, sodomised, photographed, dismembered and disposed of.In May 1989, at his trial for child molestation, Dahmer was the model of contrition, arguing eloquently, in his own defence, about how he had seen the error of his ways, and that his arrest marked a turning point in his life. His defence counsel argued that he needed treatment, not incarceration and, astonishingly, the judge agreed, handing down a five year probationary sentence, with one year prison sentence on “day release”, under which he continued to work at his job, but returned to the prison at night. He was released after ten months, despite Dahmer’s father having written to the judge urging that Dahmer be held until he had received appropriate treatment. He spent three months with his grandmother on his release, where he does not appear to have added to his body count, before moving into his own apartment in May 1990.During the fifteen months that followed, up to the time of his capture, Dahmer’s victim count accelerated; twelve more lives were taken using his modus operandi. Necrophilia is generally associated with issues of exercising control over victims. He developed these rituals as he progressed, experimenting with chemical means of disposal, and he also consumed the flesh of his victims. He attempted crude lobotomies, drilling into victim’s skulls whilst they were still alive, injecting them with Muriatic acid to see whether he could extend his control to the living. Most of these victims died instantly, but he claimed that one victim had survived for a number of days in a zombie-like state, with limited motor function.He was careful to select victims on the fringes of society, who were often itinerant or borderline criminal, making their disappearances less noticeable, and his likelihood of capture that much less. There have been claims that he was racially motivated, as most of his victims were African-American, but it is equally likely that they were just typical of the poor neighbourhood in which Dahmer lived.This racial motive did, however, figure largely in the case of his thirteenth victim, a 14-year-old Laotian boy who was, coincidentally, the younger brother of the boy he had been convicted of molesting three years earlier.On 26 May 1991, Dahmer’s African-American neighbour, Sandra Smith, called the police to report that a young Asian boy was running naked in the street. When the police arrived, the boy was incoherent, and they accepted the word of Dahmer, a white man in a largely poor African-American community, that the boy was his 19-year-old lover who had had too much to drink, over the protestations of Smith and her daughter, who could clearly see that the boy was terrified of Dahmer. Smith’s subsequent enquiries, through the local authorities, were also not taken seriously.The police escorted Dahmer and the boy home and, clearly not wishing to become embroiled in a homosexual domestic disturbance, they had a cursory look around and then left, at which point Dahmer strangled the boy and proceeded with his usual rituals. Had they conducted even a basic search, they would have found the body of his twelfth victim decomposing in the bedroom, and enough photographic evidence to arrest Dahmer immediately.Dahmer’s luck finally ran out on 22 July 1991, when two Milwaukee police officers picked up Tracy Edwards, a young African-American, who was wandering the streets with a handcuff dangling from his wrist.  They decided to follow up his claims that a “weird dude” had drugged and restrained him, and arrived at Dahmer’s apartment, where he calmly offered to get the keys for the handcuffs.Edwards claimed that the knife Dahmer had threatened him with was in the bedroom and, when the officer went in to corroborate the story, he noticed photographs of dismembered bodies lying around, which included one of a head in the fridge. He shouted to his colleague to restrain Dahmer, who fought back fiercely, but was nevertheless subdued. A subsequent search revealed the head in the fridge, as well as three more in the freezer, and a catalogue of other horrors, including preserved skulls, jars containing genitalia, and an extensive gallery of macabre photographs.

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The Crimes

Joyce’s pre-war profile was sufficient to secure both him, and his wife, work as broadcasters for the Reichsrundfunks Foreign Service, the German equivalent of the BBC, based in Charlottenburg. The exact source of his sobriquet, ‘Lord Haw-Haw’, is not entirely clear, but most attribute it to Daily Express radio critic Jonah Barrington, who described a propaganda broadcaster as speaking “English of the haw-haw, damn-it-get-out-of-my-way variety, and his strong suit is gentlemanly indignation.”

Although the name was attributed to Joyce, the broadcast heard by Barrington was actually made by Norman Baillie-Stewart, a Sandhurst-educated officer whose voice sounded far more pompous than the American-Irish nasal twang of Joyce. As Joyce’s broadcasts gained in popularity the name stuck, and was soon exclusively associated with his broadcasts, with their signature cry of ‘Jairmany Calling! Jairmany Calling!’

At the height of his popularity, in the period up to the Battle of Britain, it was believed that up to 16 million British people tuned in to his Nazi propaganda broadcasts, an activity which, while not strictly illegal, was frowned upon by British authorities.

Joyce became the most important propaganda broadcaster in Germany at the time, and both he and his wife were granted naturalised German citizenship on 26 September 1940. With almost as many listeners as the BBC, he gained an almost mythical status: there were claims that he could forecast bomb targets, and that he knew intimate details about target sites: in reality, because of reporting restrictions placed on the BBC by the War Office, he could sometimes scoop the official stories by a few hours, releasing details before they could be broadcast officially, but this was the extent of his ability.

In contrast to his sinister broadcasts, his odd accent was a source of ridicule, and he was parodied by comedians, and even became the subject of some advertisements. But the joke soured with the onslaught of German bombing in Britain, and his popularity waned – though in Germany he remained as popular as ever, and in September 1944 he was awarded the Cross of War Merit First Class, by Hitler, for his broadcasting efforts.

His anti-Semitic stance never faltered, and he continued to blame the war on what he referred to as ‘Jewish International Finance’. He remained true to his belief that Germany and Britain needed to unite against the global Communist threat.In addition to broadcasting, Joyce's duties included distributing propaganda among British prisoners of war, whom he tried to recruit into the British Free Corps, a branch of the Waffen SS. He also wrote a book comparing National Socialist Germany to the evils of a Jewish-dominated capitalist Britain, called ‘Twilight over England’, that was promoted by the German Ministry of Propaganda.As the tide of war turned against Germany, Joyce began to drink heavily and his marriage soured. Both he and his wife, who took opium, in addition to also drinking heavily, became embroiled in numerous extramarital affairs.

In the final days of the war, with the Russian Army advancing inexorably towards Berlin, Joyce was forced to move to Hamburg to make his broadcasts, and his final transmission, during which he was clearly intoxicated, was made on 30 April 1945, in which he continued to rail against the Communist threat, and which he ended with a final, defiant ‘Heil Hitler!'

The following day Radio Hamburg was seized by advancing British forces, which made a final, mock "Germany Calling!" broadcast, denouncing Joyce, who had been forced to flee again, with his wife, this time north towards the Danish border.

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The Crimes

It wasn’t long before Clyde was involved with criminal activity again, this time recruiting several men, including Ralph Fults, to become what was known as the Barrow gang. After Clyde and Fults had raided a hardware store they later joined up with Bonnie only to be chased at high speed.Despite Clyde’s driving skills they were reduced to stealing mules to navigate the Texas farm country and both Bonnie and Fults were eventually arrested. Clyde escaped. Bonnie claimed that she had been kidnapped by the gang but, despite a grand jury failing to indict her, she spent two months in the Kaufman Jail, Texas. On her release she was soon reunited with Clyde.The Barrow gang consisted of Raymond Hamilton, Henry Methvin, Joe Palmer, WD Jones and Clyde’s brother Ivan M. ‘Buck’ Barrow. Over a considerable period the gang carried out many robberies and kidnappings, some attributed to Bonnie and Clyde.Their exploits fuelled a mythology that relied on little evidence, but much hearsay and gossip. In some ways the gang were admired as latter day Robin Hoods, while others reviled them as common law breakers. However, it was Clyde’s first association with murder that was to garner them greater notoriety.The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), then called the Bureau of Investigation, became interested in Barrow and his female companion late in December 1932. What was to become the biggest manhunt in the nation at that time started with little understanding of how elusive and tenacious these young criminals were going to turn out to be.It was while Bonnie was in the Texas jail that Clyde had been identified as the getaway driver during a raid. Later, when Clyde and Hamilton were illegally drinking at a dance in Oklahoma, they were approached by the local sheriff and his associate. The two lawmakers were shot and killed when Clyde and Hamilton made their escape.If the public had any sympathy or admiration for the Barrow gang, it was quickly dispelled after the shooting and killing of the sheriffs.On 22 March 1933, Clyde hid out in a remote hideout in Joplin Missouri, along with his brother Buck and sister-in-law Blanche. WD Jones and Bonnie were also present. By this time tensions were running high as some of the gang argued that Clyde should turn himself in. No doubt Bonnie would have taken Clyde’s side to stay on course. Although there is no evidence supporting the mythological view that the two were lovers, the pair were undeniably inseparable.The gang was soon disturbed by law enforcers and a shoot-out took place resulting in WD Jones being seriously injured, but not before he and Clyde had shot and killed one lawman and fatally injured another. The gang, including Blanche, then escaped from the apartment leaving behind many possessions including a camera. The developed film disclosed revealing photographs that were to become famous images of Bonnie and Clyde, posing with their guns, and later reproduced in millions of books over the decades.In reality life on the run for the gang was far from glamorous. They were constantly arguing and rarely had time or the opportunity to spend their spoils from crime. During one incident, Bonnie was hurt when Clyde skidded into a ravine causing her to be caught under the vehicle. She suffered severe burns to her leg and it was then that Clyde decided that they would take time off from criminal pursuits to allow Bonnie to recover.The respite from chaos was short-lived when Buck killed a city marshal during a botched robbery. Once again the gang had to move on. It seemed impossible for the gang not to leave a trail of destruction behind wherever it went, a trail that was forever being picked up by law enforcers, mainly due to the gang’s suspicious behaviour.On 18 July 1933 the gang rented two cabins at Platte City Missouri. During the night an armoured car positioned itself outside the cabins. The authorities had been alerted when one of the gang had gone into a Platte City drug store to obtain medical supplies. The exchange of gunfire between the marshals and Barrow gang was ferocious resulting in Clyde’s brother, Buck, getting shot in the head. Miraculously despite the lawmakers’ manpower the gang managed to escape.

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The Crimes

It is still unclear as to whether the ‘Red Light Bandit’ was a single person – many claim it was simply a useful moniker used to describe the acts of a number of criminals. Despite such speculation, Chessman was charged with the entire crime spree attributed to the Bandit.In some cases the evidence strongly pointed to Chessman. Two women testified that he had robbed and sexually assaulted them by making them perform fellatio after they had persuaded him not to rape them.In all, evidence pointed to his involvement in 17 cases, ranging from robbery to kidnapping. Unfortunately for Chessman, the ‘Little Lindbergh’ law, which was passed in California in 1933 after the public outcry over the Lindbergh case, enforced severe penalties on kidnappers.Chessman found himself facing a far more serious sentence when the prosecution successfully argued that he had ‘kidnapped’ his victims by moving them some distance from their cars. Any crime relating to the Lindbergh law meant either life in prison or the death sentence.

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The Crimes

It is speculated that Maddux was murdered on or around the 9th or 10th of September 1977, when she returned to the apartment she shared with Einhorn on Race Street. No one except her family noticed Maddux’s absence and they became apprehensive at her continued silence. Her mother’s birthday had come and gone without a call from Maddux, who was normally a considerate and attentive daughter.The family notified the police. Einhorn was cursorily questioned but upon his claims of ignorance, was left alone. Dissatisfied with the police’s efforts, the Maddux family hired two private detectives to investigate the girl’s disappearance. In the meantime, Einhorn continued with his life, embarking on speaking tours and taking a semester-long fellowship at Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government.However by 1979, the private investigators had pieced together enough circumstantial evidence to give the police enough probable cause to obtain a search warrant for Einhorn’s apartment. The evidence included the fact that Einhorn had requested help from friends to dispose of a trunk containing what he said were “secret documents”; there had been Einhorn’s non-cooperation with police investigators; and a putrid and rancid brown liquid had been leaking through Einhorn’s floorboards into the kitchen of the neighbours below.

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The Crimes

It is not known when Sithole took his first rape victim, but his first recorded incidence of rape occurred in September 1987, involving 29-year-old Patrica Khumalo, who also testified at his 1996 trial. Three other known rape victims came forward, including Buyiswa Doris Swakamisa, who was attacked in February 1989. She made a police report at the time that resulted in Sithole’s arrest and trial, and he was jailed in Boksburg Prison for six years, in 1989, for the rape of Swakamisa. Sithole maintained his innocence throughout the trial, and was released early, in 1993, for good behaviour.Perhaps Sithole learned a lesson from his time in jail: that rape victims left alive can produce consequences. It is not known how soon after release that he began his rape and killing spree but, in the period between January and April 1995, in Atteridgeville, west of Pretoria, four bodies of young black women, who had been strangled, and probably raped, were discovered. This began a chain of events that unearthed an appalling litany of brutality and death.When newspapers became aware of the similarities in the modus operandi of the killing of each victim, police were forced to admit that a serial killer might be operating in the area. When the body of the 2-year old son of one of the victims was also discovered, it incited further media coverage but, in a society inured to violence, interest was relatively short-lived within the media.However, the recovery of a number of bodies within the general vicinity of Pretoria over the next few months, all sharing the same gruesome pattern, of having been raped, tied up and strangled with their own underwear, gave the public pause for thought. On 17 July 1995, a witness saw Sithole acting suspiciously whilst in the company of a young woman, and discovered her body when he went to investigate. Unfortunately, the witness had been too far away to be able to identify the killer.A special investigating team was established within the Pretoria Murder and Robbery Unit, in an effort to establish whether the bodies conformed to a definite pattern, but the method of attack varied to such an extent that it was impossible to state with certainty that one killer was responsible. As more victims were identified, and the chronology of deaths, rather than the discovery of their bodies, became apparent, there was clear evidence that the killer was evolving his murder technique to extract the greatest pain from his victims, assumedly increasing his own pleasure. His means of approach was also clarified: in a significant number of cases, the victim had been meeting someone who had promised them employment.On 16 September 1995, a body was discovered at the Van Dyk Mine near Boksburg. Further investigation revealed mass graves; forensic experts recovered ten bodies, in varying degrees of decomposition, over the next 48 hours. Investigators were certain that the Boksburg bodies were linked with the victims at Atteridgeville. Media attention was intense throughout the recovery operation, and even President Nelson Mandela visited the scene of the grisly discoveries.Public concern increased with the media coverage, and the local authorities sought external help from retired FBI profiler Robert Ressler, who arrived on 23 September 1995. He assisted with the development of a profile of the serial killer, indicating that an intelligent, organised individual with a high sex drive was responsible, operating with a growing sense of confidence, and perhaps with the assistance of a second killer.

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In the weeks leading up to the murders, Gilmore’s life seemed to be moving beyond his control: his girlfriend, Nicole, became frightened by his violent, erratic behaviour and drinking, and left him after only a few months together. In addition, his financial situation was worsened by the purchase of an expensive truck that proved well beyond his means, which could then only be paid for through crime.On the evening of 19th July 1976, Gilmore approached Max Jensen, an employee at a self-service petrol station in Orem, Utah, threatening him with a gun and demanding that he empty his pockets. Jensen complied and yet, despite this, Gilmore shot him twice in the head. He then left, without bothering to empty the cash register. Witnesses who saw him later claim he was agitated, but did not seem overly concerned.The next day, Gilmore took his new truck in for a minor repair, and left the garage while the repair was carried out, entering the City Center Motel in Provo. Once there he threatened the manager, Ben Bushnell, with a gun, and demanded that he hand over the motel cash box. Again, despite complying with the demands, he shot Bushnell, and left the building when Bushnell’s wife came to investigate the noise. Gilmore emptied the cash box, then discarded it outside the motel, and made to discard the gun as well, but it accidentally discharged and he injured his hand.When he went to collect his truck the garage owner noticed his bloodied hand, and made a note of Gilmore’s licence plate. When he heard about the local robbery he notified the police.

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The Crimes

In the early hours of 17 February 1970, the harmonious lives of the MacDonald family was to be shattered when the entire family, except Jeffrey, were slaughtered.MacDonald claimed that he had woken after hearing his wife and one of his daughters screaming. He then found himself being attacked by three intruders armed with a club, ice pick and knife.When the Military Police and ambulance arrived, including officers Kenneth Mica and Lieutenant Joesph Paulk, they discovered a grisly scene. In the master bedroom 26-year-old Colette, who was pregnant, lay on her back covered in blood with her legs spread. Her face had been battered and part of her chest was partially exposed, while one half was concealed by the top half of a man’s torn blue pyjamas.Next to Colette lay Jeffrey MacDonald himself. He had made the call to the police, but was now unconscious. After resuscitation his first concern was for his wife and children. Screaming to the police to check on them, officer Mica first entered the bedroom of the eldest daughter, five-year-old Kimberly and to his horror discovered that she had stab wounds to the neck and that her skull had been smashed. Across the hall another gruesome sight greeted the officers when two year old Kristen was found dead on her bed with stab wounds in her chest and back.MacDonald managed to reveal to the police that three men and one woman had carried out the attack. He stated, "One man was coloured, he wore a field jacket, sergeant's stripes. The woman, blond hair, floppy hat, short skirt, muddy boots — she carried a light, I think a candle."The description of the woman in the floppy hat resembled a similar figure that officer Mica had recalled just a few blocks away as he rushed to the crime scene. Despite this revelation no patrol car was sent out to search for the mysterious women. As the military police struggled to contain an understandably distressed MacDonald, they eventually wheeled him out to the ambulance.Later, while being questioned by the Army Criminal Investigation Division and the FBI, a distraught MacDonald described how he had been attacked by a black man wielding a baseball bat while he slept on the sofa. Two white men also attacked him and MacDonald had used his pyjama top as a shield to fend off the blows. He also recalled a blond woman, with a floppy hat, standing by and holding a candle. She was heard to say “Kill the pigs” and “acid is groovy”.

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The Crimes

In his first violent attack, at the age of 14, Georges tried to strangle Roselyne D, one of his mentally disabled adoptive sisters, in 1976. Two years later, he attacked another of his adoptive sisters, Christiane D, in 1978. Concerned for the welfare of her family, Mrs Morin arranged for Georges to return to the authorities of the DDASS.Placed again in foster care, Georges was unable to control his violent urges and on 6 February 1979 he struck again. He attacked a girl, Pascale C, and tried to strangle her but she managed to escape. He was arrested by police but was released after a week. Rejected by his foster family, Georges became increasingly depressed and turned to alcohol for solace.A year later, the 17-year-old Georges attacked Jocelyne S in May 1980. Later that month he assaulted Roselyne C, stabbing her violently in her face. Both girls survived their attacks and Georges was arrested once more and sent to prison for a year in Angers, in the Loire region. Upon his release from prison, Georges moved to Paris with a friend. Here he lived in squats in the east of the city. No one suspected Georges of being the serial killer he was. He committed petty crimes to survive, drank extensively and befriended young people interested in left-wing politics.A month after his 19th birthday, Georges committed his first rape. On 16 November 1981 he attacked Nathalie C, a neighbour, as she was returning home. He raped her, stabbed her and left her for dead. Nathalie C survived the attack.Following a five-month prison term for theft, Georges attacked again. On 7 June 1982 in a car park of the 16th arrondissement, he raped, stabbed and strangled Violette K but she managed to escape and went to the police. A few days later, Georges was arrested and sentenced to 18 months in prison.Shortly after his release, Georges attacked Pascale N, 21, in a car park, where he raped and stabbed her in February 1984. She managed to break free and run away. Later that evening, police arrested Georges.In 1985 he was sentenced at the Court of Assizes of Meurthe-et-Moselle to 10 years imprisonment. Due to good behaviour, towards the end of his sentence, Georges was allowed out of prison during the day but was required to report back each evening to spend the night.On the evening of 24 January he simply did not report to prison and instead travelled to Paris to commit his first murder. He spotted an attractive young woman walking down the road. It was 19-year-old Pascale Escarfail, a student at the Sorbonne. Following her home, Georges grabbed her as she was opening her front door. Holding a knife to her throat, he forced his way in, tied her up and raped her, before slitting her throat and watching her die. A week after the murder, Georges calmly returned to prison as if nothing was amiss.Released from prison on 4 April 1992, Georges wasted no time in finding another young female victim. On 22 April 1992 he attacked Eleonore D, who escaped and reported the incident to the police. Georges was arrested once more.On 7 January 1994 Georges attacked Catherine Rock, 27, in an underground parking garage, where he raped and murdered her. A mere six days later, Georges struck again. His victim was radio host Annie L, whom he raped and murdered on the patio of her home on 13 January 1994.Georges’ next attack was on 8 November 1994 in the underground parking garage of 22-year-old Elsa Benady’s home in the 13th arrondissement, where he raped and killed her. A month later, on 10 December 1994, he raped and murdered Dutch architect Agnes Nijkamp, 33, in her home in the 11th arrondissement. The media began to report a ‘Killer in East Paris’.In June 1995, Georges attacked Elisabeth O and tried to kill her but she made a narrow escape. On 8 July 1995 Georges raped and murdered Helena Frinking, 27, in her apartment after she returned from an evening out. Georges assaulted Melanie B on 25 August 1995 in the Marais quarter.Some progress was being made in the police investigation into the ‘Killer of East Paris’. However, whilst Elisabeth O had managed to give a vague description of her attacker, when shown a picture of Georges, she failed to identify him. Police did have DNA traces left at two crime scenes by the same individual and a footprint found at the location of the Helena Frinking crime.In September 1997, Georges attacked and attempted to rape Estelle F but she fought him and escaped. A few days later, on 23 September 1997, he broke into the apartment of 19-year-old student, Magalie Sirotti, where he raped and stabbed her to death.Five days later, Georges assaulted Valerie L in the stairwell of her apartment block, on 28 October 1997. Less than a month after that, Georges entered the home of Estelle Magd, 25, where he raped and murdered her on 16 November 1997. This was to be the last victim of ‘The Beast of Bastille’.

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The Crimes

In 1992, Leeson began making unauthorised speculative trades. These proved successful at first and made significant profits for Barings. Leeson appeared to be an exemplary employee. However, it was not long before things began to take a turn for the worse. At that time, a derivatives trader only needed to bring to the table a small percentage of the amount being traded, thereby making it possible to incur huge losses if the deal went sour.Many of Leeson’s deals did turn sour and he opened a secret account (numbered 88888, considered an extremely lucky number in Chinese numerology) to hide his losses from the company. By late 1992 the account, for which Barings was responsible, was in the red by over £2 million and by late 1994, the sum had grown alarmingly to £208 million. Executives at Barings were none the wiser and by the end of 1993, Leeson had made in excess of £10 million, accounting for ten percent of Barings’ total annual income. The whiz kid could do no wrong in their eyes.On 16 January 1995, Leeson placed a short straddle (a non-directional options trading strategy, involving substantial risk) in the Tokyo and Singapore stock exchanges. It was basically a bet that the Japanese stock market would make no significant overnight move. This seemed reasonable, as the Japanese economy was experiencing a rebound after a 30-month recession. However, the following morning, at 5.46am on 17 January 1995, the Great Hanshin Earthquake struck. Its epicentre was the prominent port city of Kobe, Japan. It measured 6.9 to 7.3 on the Richter scale, lasted 20 seconds and killed over 6,000 residents. Its effect was to cause massive upheaval in the Asian markets as well as in Leeson’s plans.Not to be outdone, and in attempt to recoup his losses, Leeson then embarked on a series of increasingly risky new investments. He bet that the Nikkei Stock Average would recover swiftly. This did not occur and Leeson was further compromised.He carried on requesting funds from Barings to continue trading, in the hope that he would rectify his losses. In three months he purchased more than 20,000 futures contracts – worth around $180,000 each – in an attempt to move the market. It was all in vain and these trades totalled three quarters of the eventual $1.3 billion loss suffered by Barings.On 23 February 1995, two days before his 28th birthday, Leeson decided the situation was beyond his control and he would never redeem himself. He fled, leaving a note that simply said, “I’m sorry”. Barings executives discovered what he had done, were forced to inform the Bank of England, and Barings bank went bust.

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The Crimes

In 1992 Walker gave Ronald and Elaine two one-way airline tickets to Calgary in Canada as a Christmas present. He persuaded Ronald to leave him a signature stamp for corporate documents along with his driver's licence, birth certificate and a credit card. The minute Ronald was out of the country Walker then proceeded to steal his identity.By 1996 Walker and Sheena had moved to Essex and were living as husband and wife under the names of Ronald and Noelle. They had two young daughters (the biological father is unknown) and their birth certificates cited Ronald Platt as the father.Walker kept in contact with the real Ronald Platt and spoke to Elaine occasionally, who had eventually left Ronald in Canada. However, disillusioned with the Canadian economy, Ronald Platt returned to England and settled close to Walker and his daughter.Walker realised his cover was about to be blown, so he invited Ronald to Devon with Sheena and their daughters and took him out for a trip on his yacht. Four miles out to sea, Walker hit Ronald over the head with an anchor, tied it around his waist and tipped his body into the English Channel. Ronald’s disappearance was not noticed for six weeks.

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In 1969, Fritz met 40-year-old Gertrude Bräuer in a bar. She was a pretty woman with a friendly manner, trying to make ends meet working as a prostitute and a hairdresser. Fritz persuaded her to go with him to his apartment for the night, but in the morning the mood of the previous night had vanished and Gertrude was not so willing to carry out Fritz’s sexual whims. When Gertrude refused sex, Honka went berserk and strangled her. When the rage subsided Honka realized that he was in the apartment with the body of a woman who no one would search for. He had to get rid of the body. Due to his meager physical abilities he could not carry the body, so he decided to dismember the body. He wrapped body parts and then buried in the ground by a nearby rubbish disposal unit. However, he did not manage to carry all the body parts. To avoid the risk of being seen he hid the remaining parts of the body in the attic of his apartment building.

Over the next few days Honka expected his arrest, because he realized that someone could have seen him with Gertrude in the bar. But nothing happened. Not only did no one notice the disappearance of Gertrude Bräuer, but her body remained undiscovered. Her buried remains were discovered accidentally by a construction worker over a year after the murder, but with the absence of some body parts, the investigators had trouble identifying the corpse. Finally they identified the body as Gertrude Bräuer, but no one connected her disappearance with Honka.

It seems that Honka learned a very useful lesson from this murder. He realised that people he spent time with were of no interest to those around them. Cheap prostitutes, without family and friends proved to be an easy target that no one would miss. In addition, Honka realized that choking his victim in his apartment meant that he didn’t need a murder weapon, and the victim wouldn’t make enough noise to draw attention.

After his first murder, Honka began to fulfill his sexual fantasies. Prostitutes who decided to go with him to the apartment experienced aggressive and violent perversion. Once Honka nearly strangled one of the prostitutes - Ruth Dufner. It would have been a murder case if she hadn’t slipped her hand under the material that Honka wrapped around hers and his own neck. The woman managed to escape and soon Honka was accused of rape and found guilty, sentenced to a fine of 4,000 marks. Now, he was a convicted criminal and this may have had an impact on the development of Honka’s development into a serial killer.

In 1974, Fritz again began to hunt for victims. To make sure no one would notice and no loss would be reported, he followed his victims first and to check if they had friends or family. Women who did not became potential targets. In August 1974, Honka invited 50-yr-old Anne Beuschel to his apartment. She probably did not want anything to do with the perverse sexual and aggressive desires of Fritz. He then flew into a rage as he’d done before, strangled the prostitute and again faced the problem of getting rid of the body. This time he concealed entire thing in the attic. However, he wasn’t clever enough to foresee what happens to a body when it begins to decompose. Soon neighbours began to complain of a nasty smell in the building and after some time they called the police. Honka’s explanataion was that foreigners had lived on the top floor and sometimes the odour of their cooking would affect the rest of the building. The police accepted this. Afterwards, Honka started using deodorant to neutralize the stench of decaying corpses in the building.

In December 1974, a similar fate to that of Anna Beuschel befell 57-yr-old Frieda Roblick. This time Honka killed his victim because she tried to rob him, or she could just have been tryinmg top collect her payment, and wouldn’t fulfil his perverted requests. Her body was also hidden in the attic.

Another attack took place only a month later. In January of 1975, Honka brought 52-yr-old Ruth Schult . While they were sipping gin, the woman began to laugh at Honka. This time the attack was even more aggressive:  Honka took a bottle of gin from the table and hit her over the head. Then he strangled her. Ruth was larger and heavier than the other prostitutes, so Fritz unable to carry her body to the attic, and hid the it behind paneling in the apartment. With four undiscovered bodies, Honka could still enjoy his freedom and continue to commit  murder, as long as there were no problems in the house.

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Crime File

The Crime

I did not see his face, because he was all covered with blood. Lizzie BordenAmerican woman suspected of murdering her stepmother and father; her trial became a national sensation in the United States. Borden was the daughter of a well to do businessman who married for a second time in 1865, three years after Lizzie's mother died. Lizzie was popular and engaged in charitable work. Her father, by contrast, was reputedly dour and parsimonious as well as eminently wealthy and Lizzie and her elder sister Emma were ever at odds with him and their stepmother, often over financial matters. On a Thursday morning, August 4, 1892, Mr. Borden left home to conduct his business, leaving in the house, besides his wife, an Irish maid (Bridget Sullivan) and Lizzie. (Emma was away visiting.) On his return, he settled on a couch for a nap. About 11:15 , Lizzie (according to her testimony) discovered her father dead, repeatedly struck in the head with a sharp instrument. Upstairs his wife's body was found, even more brutally mutilated; examination proved that her death had preceded her husband's by an hour or so. It was found that Lizzie had tried to purchase prussic acid (a poison) on August 3, and a few days later she was alleged to have burned a dress in a stove.Sullivan, who also has been suspected, later that evening reportedly left the house carrying an unexamined parcel. No weapon was found, though an axe found in the basement was suspected.Lizzie was arrested and tried for both murders in June 1893 but was acquitted, given the circumstantial evidence. She was nonetheless ostracized thereafter by the people of her native Fall River, Massachusetts, where she continued to live until her death in 1927. The grisly murders inspired a great many books, both serious studies and fiction; Fall River Legend (1948), a ballet by Agnes de Mille; an opera, Lizzie Borden (1965), by Jack Beeson and Kenward Elmslie; and one immortal, if slightly inaccurate, quatrain: 'Lizzie Borden took an axe And gave her mother forty whacks; And when she saw what she had done She gave her father forty-one.'

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The Crimes

His first taste of battle occurred during “Black September” in 1970, when King Hussein of Jordan, initially sympathetic to the Palestinian cause, became increasingly politically isolated following numerous airline hijackings by the PFLP, and drove the Palestinians out of Jordan. By all accounts Carlos acquitted himself well, earning a reputation for courage under fire during the long battle, and he was rewarded by his appointment as the PFLP’s representative, which saw his return to London after the conflict, in February 1971. His covert mission was to draw up a list of high profile kidnap targets with pro-Israel sympathies; overtly, he enrolled at the University of London and happily resumed his playboy lifestyle.During his time in London he set up a network of safe houses, and came under police suspicion briefly as a result, but no charges were filed against him. He also claimed to have been involved in a number of daring raids, including the hijacking of a Lufthansa jet in February 1972, and the attack on the Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympics by the militant group “Black September”, in September 1972, but there was no proof of his participation in these acts of terrorism.His first solo mission occurred on 30th December 1973, and involved an attack on Josef Sieff, vice-president of the British Zionist Federation, which raised money for Israeli charities. Having gained access to his London home, Carlos shot Sieff, but failed to kill him, as his gun jammed after the first shot. Carlos managed to escape unharmed.This was followed a month later with an abortive bomb attack on a London-based Israeli bank, then three car-bomb attacks on pro-Israeli French newspapers, which caused massive damage, but no human casualties. He was directly involved in an attack on the French Embassy in Holland by the Japanese Red Army, placing pressure on the French government to accede to the terrorists’ demands by bombing a shopping centre in France that killed two people, and injured thirty four more.This bombing saw his promotion to the big leagues, but his next high-profile missions failed: two bazooka attacks carried out on El Al aircraft at Orly Airport in Paris, on two separate days in January 1975, neither of which caused any casualties.An arrest of a close terrorist colleague, Michel Moukharbal, almost led to Carlos’s own capture in Paris, but he managed to escape a trap set for him, by killing Moukharbal and the police officers with him, initiating a huge countrywide man-hunt in France that forced him to flee to Beirut, where the PFLP welcomed him as a conquering hero.From Beirut he masterminded the attack that would bring him to the attention of the world media: the assault on the Viennese headquarters of OPEC, the Middle Eastern oil cartel.On Sunday, 21st December 1975, Carlos and five other gunmen entered the OPEC headquarters, taking forty two hostages, including many senior OPEC representatives, amidst gunfire that claimed multiple victims, including both civilians and police personnel.Carlos then dictated a letter of demands via a secretary, to the Austrian government, which included a bus to take all the hostages to the nearest airport, where an aircraft would be on standby to fly the group wherever they demanded. Authorities were also instructed to publicly broadcast a pro-Palestine communiqué, again dictated by Carlos, every two hours.With so many hostages’ lives at stake, the Austrian authorities had no choice but to negotiate: the propaganda was broadcast, and a plane was provided the next day, which flew to Algiers, where Carlos agreed to free thirty non-Arab hostages, in exchange for a refuelling of the jet, which then flew on to Tripoli.The reception in Tripoli was hostile, and the Libyans refused to provide Carlos with a larger plane with a greater range capacity. Eventually, in exchange for the release of the Libyan hostages, and five other delegates, the plane was again refuelled and returned to Algiers, where Carlos agreed to release the rest of the hostages in exchange for political asylum, and a large undisclosed sum of money, which was provided either by the Saudis or the Iranians.The leader of the PFLP regarded the OPEC operation as a failure, as Carlos had released, rather than killed, the Saudi oil ministers, the primary targets in the raid. When it was discovered that Carlos had also appropriated some of the ransom funds for his own use, he was expelled from the party, although this was not publicised by the PFLP at the time.Unaware of this, media speculation claimed that Carlos was the mastermind behind the June 1976 hijacking of an Air France jet in Entebbe, Uganda, which made world headlines, but this assumption proved to be false. Carlos settled in Aden, South Yemen, courtesy of Libya’s Colonel Qadaffi, who was rumoured to have funded the OPEC attack, where he trained terrorists in guerrilla warfare techniques for a number of years.When the leader of the PFLP died suddenly in March 1978, Carlos recruited the best agents from within the leaderless group, as well as other nationals, to form his own group of terrorist mercenaries, named the Organisation of Arab Armed Struggle. The group established relations with East Germany’s secret police, the Stasi, as well as Iraq’s Saddam Hussein and Cuba’s Fidel Castro. The agents included German divorcee Magdalena Kopp, who went on to become Carlos’ wife in January 1979.In January 1982, a failed attack by Carlos’ new group, on a French nuclear reactor, led to his wife’s arrest in Paris in February. Carlos demanded her release and, when the French failed to comply, he bombed the French Cultural Centre in Beirut on 15th March, then a French train, on 29th March 1982, which was supposed to have been carrying former French President Jacques Chirac. The premier had not been on board but five passengers were killed, and thirty more injured.Numerous other attacks against French targets continued over the next year, but the French refused to release Kopp, who was given a four-year sentence for her part in the failed reactor attack. These attacks succeeded in placing extreme political pressure on those governments previously sympathetic to Carlos, as the body count mounted, and the French increased the resources available to capture Carlos.Two more French trains were bombed on 31st December 1983, killing four passengers, and injuring dozens more, which Carlos claimed responsibility for, claiming that they were retaliation for French air strikes on Lebanese terrorist training camps. In France, and throughout Europe, Carlos was Public Enemy No. 1.

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He became obsessed with anatomy texts, wartime stories of atrocities, cannibalism, sex change operations and anything concerning the dead. He took increasing interest in the local cemetery, where he met Gus, a gravedigger whom he befriended. He persuaded Gus to assist him to exhume some of the bodies there, from which he removed strips of skin, whole breasts, genitalia and in some cases whole bodies, before carefully reburying the bodies. He kept these parts as trophies, which he kept in his home.Dissatisfied with the lifeless texture of these victims, he took to poring over the Obituary column in his local paper, so that he and Gus could secure some "fresher" trophies. He preferred the bodies of older women, particularly those with whom he was acquainted, and he later admitted that he enjoyed parading in the skins of these victims, covering his own body and pretending to be a woman.Increasingly creative, he began to fashion truly sickening trophies: a belt was studded with female nipples, a woman’s lips were sewn into a curtain pull, a soup bowl was created out of a human skull, and human skin was used to make shirts, fashion lampshades and chair coverings. He also preserved and mounted the faces of nine women on his wall, reminiscent of a hunting lodge. When the occasional visitor to his home commented on these trophies, he claimed they were wartime souvenirs gifted to him by a cousin who had served in the Pacific during the War.His grave-robbing might have satisfied his unhealthy obsession indefinitely, but in 1954 he was forced to give this up when his partner, Gus, was placed in a home and no longer able to assist. With no further supply of dead bodies, he was obliged to create his own.His first victim was Mary Hogan, the matronly owner of the local tavern where Gein was a customer, who disappeared on 8 December 1954 in mysterious circumstances. Locals claim that, later, Gein joked that she had stayed overnight with him, but no one took much notice of his jokes at the time, which were considered in poor taste.Three years later, while sheriff Art Schley, from the town of Plainfield, was investigating the disappearance of shopkeeper Bernice Worden, evidence discovered at her shop provided a link to Gein. A trail of blood and a receipt, made out to Gein for a supply of anti-freeze, led him to seek a warrant to search his farmhouse.His search, carried out on 16 November 1957, led him to a “summer kitchen”, an extension at the back of the house, where he found a naked human body that had been decapitated, disembowelled and hung upside down. The carcass turned out to be the freshly gutted remains of Mrs Worden, and her head was discovered later in a burlap sack, in another part of the house. Nails had been hammered through each ear and tied together with twine, as though ready to join Gein’s other ghoulish trophies on his display wall.A thorough search over the ensuing days revealed human organs and body parts in freezers relating to multiple individuals, and a human heart was reportedly found in a pan on the stove.

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The Crime

Ghandi suffered six known assassination attempts during the course of his life. The first attempt came on 25th June 1934, when he was in Pune delivering a speech, together with his wife, Kasturba. Travelling in a motorcade of two cars, they were in the second car, which was delayed by the appearance of a train at a railway level crossing, causing the two vehicles to separate. When the first vehicle arrived at the speech venue, a bomb was thrown at the car, which exploded and injured several people. No investigations were carried out at the time, and no arrests were made, although many attribute the attack to Nathuram Godse, a Hindu fundamentalist implacably opposed to Ghandi’s non-violent acceptance and tolerance of all religions, which he felt compromised the supremacy of the Hindu religion. Godse was the person responsible for the eventual assassination of Ghandi in January 1948, 14 years later.During the first years of the Second World War, Ghandi’s mission to achieve independence from Britain reached its zenith: he saw no reason why Indians should fight for British sovereignty, in other parts of the world, when they were subjugated at home, which led to the worst instances of civil uprising under his direction, through his ‘Quit India’ movement. As a result, he was arrested on 9th August 1942, and held for two years at the Aga Khan Palace in Pune. In February 1944, 3 months before his release, his wife Kasturbai died in the same prison.May 1944, the time of his release from prison, saw the second attempt made on his life, this time certainly led by Nathuram Godse, although the attempt was fairly half-hearted. When word reached Godse that Ghandi was staying in a hill station near Pune, recovering from his prison ordeal, he organised a group of like-minded individuals who descended on the area, and mounted a vocal anti-Ghandi protest. When invited to speak to Ghandi, Godse declined, but he attended a prayer meeting later that day, where he rushed towards Ghandi, brandishing a dagger and shouting anti-Ghandi slogans. He was overpowered swiftly by fellow worshippers, and came nowhere near achieving his goal. Godse was not prosecuted at the time.Four months later, in September 1944, Godse led a group of Hindu activist demonstrators who accosted Ghandi at a train station, on his return from political talks. Godse was again found to be in possession of a dagger that, although not drawn, was assumed to be the means by which he would again seek to assassinate Ghandi. It was officially regarded as the third assassination attempt, by the commission set up to investigate Ghandi’s death in 1948.The British plan to partition what had been British-ruled India, into Muslim Pakistan and Hindu India, was vehemently opposed by Ghandi, who foresaw the problems that would result from the split. Nevertheless, the Congress Party ignored his concerns, and accepted the partition proposals put forward by the British.The fourth attempt on Ghandi’s life took the form of a planned train derailment. On 29th June 1946, a train called the ‘Ghandi Special’, carrying him and his entourage, was derailed near Bombay, by means of boulders, which had been piled up on the tracks. Since the train was the only one scheduled at that time, it seems likely that the intended target of derailment was Ghandi himself. He was not injured in the accident. At a prayer meeting after the event Ghandi is quoted as saying: “I have not hurt anybody nor do I consider anybody to be my enemy, I can’t understand why there are so many attempts on my life. Yesterday’s attempt on my life has failed. I will not die just yet; I aim to live 'til the age of 125.”Sadly, he had only eighteen months to live.Placed under increasing pressure, by his political contemporaries, to accept Partition as the only way to avoid civil war in India, Ghandi reluctantly concurred with its political necessity, and India celebrated its Independence Day on 15th August 1947. Keenly recognising the need for political unity, Ghandi spent the next few months working tirelessly for Hindu-Muslim peace, fearing the build-up of animosity between the two fledgling states, showing remarkable prescience, given the turbulence of their relationship over the following half-century.Unfortunately, his efforts to unite the opposing forces proved his undoing. He championed the paying of restitution to Pakistan for lost territories, as outlined in the Partition agreement, which parties in India, fearing that Pakistan would use the payment as a means to build a war arsenal, had opposed. He began a fast in support of the payment, which Hindu radicals, Nathuram Godse among them, viewed as traitorous. When the political effect of his fast secured the payment to Pakistan, it secured with it the fifth attempt on his life.On 20th January a gang of seven Hindu radicals, which included Nathuram Godse, gained access to Birla House, in Delhi, a venue at which Ghandi was due to give an address. One of the men, Madanla Pahwa, managed to gain access to the speaker’s podium, and planted a bomb, encased in a cotton ball, on the wall behind the podium. The plan was to explode the bomb during the speech, causing pandemonium, which would give two other gang members, Digambar Bagde and Shankar Kishtaiyya, an opportunity to shoot Gandhi, and escape in the ensuing chaos. The bomb exploded prematurely, before the conference was underway, and Madanla Pahwa was captured, while the others, including Godse, managed to escape.Pahwa admitted the plot under interrogation, but Delhi police were unable to confirm the participation and whereabouts of Godse, although they did try to ascertain his whereabouts through the Bombay police.After the failed attempt at Birla House, Nathuram Godse and another of the seven, Narayan Apte, returned to Pune, via Bombay, where they purchased a Beretta automatic pistol, before returning once more to Delhi.On 30th January 1948, whilst Ghandi was on his way to a prayer meeting at Birla House in Delhi, Nathuram Godse managed to get close enough to him in the crowd to be able to shoot him three times in the chest, at point-blank range. Ghandi’s dying words were claimed to be “Hé Rām”, which translates as “Oh God”, although some witnesses claim he spoke no words at all.When news of Ghandi’s death reached the various strongholds of Hindu radicalism, in Pune and other areas throughout India, there was reputedly celebration in the streets.  Sweets were distributed publicly, as at a festival. The rest of the world was horrified by the death of a man nominated five times for the Nobel Peace Prize.

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Ellis worked hard and, in 1953, became the manager of a nightclub where she met David Blakely. He was a man with public school manners and expensive tastes but also a racing driver with a passion for fast cars and hard drinking. At the time of their meeting, Blakely was engaged to another woman but soon moved in with Ellis, who lived in an apartment above the nightclub. He was smitten and began proposing marriage. Ellis initially desisted, as she was still legally married to George Ellis, but eventually accepted.Blakely began to show a jealous side and spent progressively more time at the nightclub, where he could keep an eye on Ellis, who enjoyed much male attention from her customers. Blakely’s behaviour began to have an adverse effect on her earnings and his inheritance was all but depleted in the funding of his lavish lifestyle and on developing a racing car. Fuelled by frustration and alcohol, the couple began fighting over money issues and before long these fights became violent. Blakely had been keeping another mistress, which had provoked jealousy in Ellis. She then took another lover, the slightly older Desmond Cussen, who had disliked Blakely. Cussen was an RAF pilot, trained in South Africa, who flew bombers in World War II and later became an accountant.The situation was spinning out of control and on the evening of Easter Sunday, 10 April 1955, Ellis went to find Blakely at The Magdala public house in Hampstead, London. She waited outside whilst Blakely and his friend, Clive Gunnell, finished their drinks and left the pub. As they were getting into Blakely’s car, Ellis called out his name and then fired four rounds into his body. The fifth bullet, missing its mark, ricocheted off the pavement, hitting the hand of Gladys Kensington Yule, who was on her way into the pub with her banker husband. Ellis knew exactly what she was doing and made no attempt to flee the scene. Instead, she calmly turned to Gunnell and told him to call the police.

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